A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

• Adrenal glands

• sebaceous glands

• sweat glands

• salivary glands

Answer explanation

A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The _____ secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.

• pituitary gland

• adrenal glands

• thyroid

• pancreas

Answer explanation

The pancreas is an organ and a gland. Glands are organs that produce and release substances in the body. The pancreas performs two main functions: Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion. Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

____ are chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

• hormones

• electrolytes

• urea

• neurones

Answer explanation

Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and other tissues. These signals tell your body what to do and when to do it. Hormones are essential for life and your health.

____ is a protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.

• glucagon

• insulun

• adrenaline

• oestrogen

Answer explanation

Glucagon increases your blood sugar level and prevents it from dropping too low, whereas insulin, another hormone, decreases blood sugar levels.

___ is a watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea and other wastes

• urine

• urethra

• urea

• glycogon

Answer explanation

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder.

The ______ filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste

• liver

• pancreas

• bladder

• kidneys

Answer explanation

One of a pair of organs in the abdomen. The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The ______ is a ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the nephron and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.

• glomerulus

• nephron

• ureter

• loop of henle

Answer explanation

The glomerulus is a cluster of small blood vessels, capillaries, around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood.

____ reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial blood vessels.

• vasoconstriction

• vasodilation

• excitement

• hunger

Answer explanation

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. When blood vessels constrict, blood flow is slowed or blocked. Vasoconstriction may be slight or severe. It may result from disease, drugs, or psychological conditions.

The ____ is an organ about the size of a football. It sits just under your rib cage on the right side of your abdomen. The ____ is essential for digesting food and ridding your body of toxic substances.

• liver

• stomach

• kidney

• thyroid

Answer explanation

The liver is an organ about the size of a football. It sits just under your rib cage on the right side of your abdomen. The liver is essential for digesting food and ridding your body of toxic substances.

______usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

• Type 1 diabetes

• Type 2 diabetes

• Type 3 diabetes

• attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer explanation

type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system, which normally fights infection, attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. As a result, your pancreas stops making insulin. Without insulin, glucose can’t get into your cells and your blood glucose rises above normal. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to stay alive.