surgery that requires opening the skull

• craniotomy

• cranioplasty

• stupor

• lethargy

procedure done to repair a skull defect

• craniotomy

• cranioplasty

• stupor

• comatose

composed primarily of water glucose, sodium chloride, and protein

• brainstem

• cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

• sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous

• major cerebral arteries

which are possible neurologic changes associated with normal aging

• brain weight is reduced

• increased plaques and tangled fibers are found in nerve tissue

• pupillary response to light is slower

• reaction time increases

what are some of the possible functional abilities affected by normal aging

select all that apply

• vascular occlusion

• tremors in the head, face, and hands

• dizziness

• lack of balance

Answer explanation

Age-Related Changes:

- reaction time

- reflexes

- tremors

- balance

give an example of a genetic disorder

• hydrocephalus

• huntington's disease

• encephalitis

• neoplasm

Answer explanation

developmental disorder include structural problems such as hydrocephalus

-genetic disorder:

Huntington disease

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

what may be the causative agents of meningitis and encephalitis

• trauma

• degenerative disorder

• viruses or bacteria

• developmental disorder

Answer explanation

meningitis & encephalitis are example of disease states that cause inflammation of meningeal tissue & brain tissue.

Causative agents may be virus or bacteria that can be transmitted variety of vectors & routes

what are examples of some degenerative disorders

select all that apply

• alzheimer's

• multiple sclerosis

• ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease)

• Parkinson disease

Answer explanation

Alzheimers:

begins with memory loss & result in physical & mental

Also huntington disease

interferes with blood flow to nervous tissue can lead to cell death

What would you assessment for neurologic disorder

sata

• much info can be gathered through observation

• chief complaints & relative history

• past medical hx - trauma, seizures, meds, immunizations

• family Hx, review of systems, functional assessment

Answer explanation

neurologic

assessment

looking for alert or drowsiness

pupil reaction (older adult may be delay or slower)

Physical Exam four major components

- neurological exam provides baseline data

sata

• level of consciousness

• pupillary evaluation

• neuromuscular response

• vital signs

Answer explanation

four major components:

1. LOC- most accurate and reliable

- lethargic (lack of energy, kind of drowsy (excessive)

- semicomatose ( patient is in a stupor but can be aroused)

- stupor ( described responsiveness accompanied by lack of spontaneous motor activity. [can be aroused])

* semicomatose- stuporous

- comatose ( cannot be aroused even by a powerful stimuli )

2. Pupillary evaluation

assess and compare their size, shape, reactivity.

- pupils are normally about 3mm in size round and react briskly to light ( may indicate neurologic deterioration)

3. Neuromuscular response

evaluating cerebral and spinal function

(frontal lobe)

4. Vital signs

may also included intracranial pressure (ICP)[ big thing to monitor for head injury (ICC)]

* monitoring pulse, respirations, & blood pressure provides highly reliable information regarding neurologic well-being.

neurological flow sheet, coma scales

< assess for posturing with neurological injury - unconscious..

< may have decerebrate rigidity abnormal extension of lower and upper extremities

< Decorticate rigidity abnormal flexion posturing of extremities