
Hugfræði - lokapróf
Authored by Steinunn Hlifarsdottir
Social Studies
University
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59 questions
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1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
What was the aim of introspection, as used by early psychology researchers in late 19th century Germany?
it was used to verify that the tools the researchers used to measure behaviour were properly calibrated
It was used to assess the validity of the theory that conscious experience was primarily visual, with only limited contributions from auditory and other senses
It was used an in effort to better understand the way the mind functioned, for example by examining how different stimuli produce different conscious experiences
2.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
Saul Sternberg (1966) studied people's ability to determine whether a single number had been part of a small set of numbers they had been asked to memorise. What relationship did Sternberg find between the size of the set (i.e., how many numbers it contained) and the time people took to complete the task?
There was no relationship: People's responses seemed to be similar irrespective of the size of the set
There was a logarithmic relationship: People's responses took longer as the size of the set increased, but the effect "levelled off" for lager sets.
There was a consistent linear relationship: As the size of the set increased, people's responses took longer
3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
What is one way in which localist and distributed representations of information differ?
In localist representations, the information being accessed can be inferred from the activation of single cells; in distributed representations it cannot
Localist coding can only store a limited number of representations, whereas distributed coding allows for the storage of an unlimited number
Localist representations can be formed through changes in the strength of connections between neurons, whereas distributed representations require the recruitment of entirely new cells
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
Some researchers use event-related potentials (ERPs), collected via electroencephalography (EEG), to inform their study of cognitive processes. What is one of the major advantages of EEG as a research tool in this context?
It provides unambiguous information about the brain structures involved in the relevant neural event
It allows for very precise measurement of the time at which a neural event occurred.
It offers an insight into the way in which different parts of the brain are connected to one another
5.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
What is a major property of connectionist of theories of cognition?
They use the properties (e.g., strength, number) of connections between neuron-like elements as their foundation.
They are focused on understanding how different regions of the brain are connected to one another
They attempt to explain how social relationships and connections affect the way people think in certain situations
6.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
Which of the following is an example of stimulus-driven attention (i.e, exogenous control)?
Choosing to focus on a sound that is coming from your left, while ignoring sounds coming from your right
Searching for a friend in a crowd, by looking for the color of the top you know your friend is wearing.
Being distracted by flashing advertisement as you walk down a busy shopping street
7.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
3 mins • 1 pt
What is a major difference between Treisman's attenuation theory and Broadbent's filter theory?
According to Treisman's theory, we take in similar information irrespective of what we are attending to, but our ability to act on unattended information is attenuated (i.e., reduced)
According to Treisman's theory, we use attention to attenuate the signals from stimuli that would otherwise be unpleasantly intense (e.g. loud noises, bright lights)
According to Treisman's theory, attention to different channels is not all-or-none, but graded (e.g., we can deploy 80% of our attention to one stimulus, ant the other 20% to another).
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