W Hist. Chap 17-Enlightment & French Rev

Jacques Necker

• a financial wizard who urged the king to reduce spending, reform the government, & abolish tariffs
• Limited monarchy
• All Three Estates created these
• Set up a 5-man Directory and a two-house legislature

annexed

• Britain remained outside of Napoleon's empire.
• A diverse groups that paid the heaviest taxes
• to add
• weak and indecisive leader of France would would later be executed

Concordat

• the right to vote
• Everyone else
• agreement between Napoleon and the pope that acknowledged Catholicism as the religion of most French citizens and in which the church gave up claims to its pre-Revolutionary property
• Set up a 5-man Directory and a two-house legislature

Conscription

• Military genius
• left France deeply in debt
• On July 14th, 800 Parisians assembled outside the Bastille. The commander of the Bastille refused to open the gates and opened fire on the crowd. It was a symbol of the French Revolution and is still celebrated today in France as "Bastille Day"
• the draft

Suffrage

• In 1791, royal family attempted to escape, but they were caught and sent back
• New legislative assembly with 3 branches
• the right to vote
• In the late 1780's, bad harvests sent food prices soaring and violence began to break out demanding bread

Moderates

• Won support across class lines
• Members of the group of the Legislative Assembly that had no extreme views
• A new law code that embodied Enlightenment principles: equality, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit
• French writer who fought against intolerance and injustice and is famous for saying "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

Radicals

• System of government in which absolute monarchs ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment
• City-dwelling middle class; made up of merchants, manufacturers, and professional people
• 1% of the Population
• People during the French Revolution who wanted to get rid of the king, set up a republic, & institute far-reaching changes

Conservatives

• representatives of all three estates which had not been summoned in over 175 years
• Members of the group of the Legislative Assembly that did not want to change existing conditions & believed that the revolution had gone far enough and that they needed to return to peaceful times.
• A vain & domineering personality
• Church tax collected from Christians. 1/10th of someone's income

Deficit Spending

• Seizure of power by force
• A government spending more than it takes in
• to add
• Napoleon tried to invade England, but the invasion failed

Coup de'tat

• Seizure of power by force
• Systematically suppressing all opposition
• A new law code that embodied Enlightenment principles: equality, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit
• Created public schools