Unit 5 Cognition Review

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 

• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing.
• belief bias.
• representativeness heuristics.
• confirmation bias.

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 

• the representativeness heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates: 

• telegraphic speech.
• linguistic determinism.
• functional fixedness.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Which of the following is NOT included as part of today’s general definition of intelligence?

• the ability to solve problems
• nthe ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations
• the ability to understand people and emotions
• the ability to learn from experience

Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?

• availability heuristic
• insight
• prototype confusion
• confirmation bias

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

•Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, except:

• A. short- term memory

• B. long-term memory

• C. flashbulb memory

• D. sensory memory

•When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of:

• A. chunking.

• B. flashbulb memory.

• C. automatic processing.

• D. iconic memory.

•Which of the following processes is likely to result in the best memory for words?

• A. visual encoding

• B. acoustic encoding

• C. rote memorization

• D. semantic encoding