STAAR Review #2

Match the following

• Fundamental Order of Connecticut

• Established self government; basis of CT. government

• Colonization

• Establishing new settlements in new lands – many times to extend power and claim territories

• exploration

• To improve your way of life with opportunities to earn more; many came to New World to escape

  poverty

• 1607

• Date first successful English settlement in North America was founded; Jamestown

• Economic Opportunity

• To search or travel for the purpose of discovering new lands

Match the following

• Mayflower Compact

• Early settlers of Plymouth Colony; came to new world seeking religious freedom

• Religious freedom

• Motive for many settlers to come to new world; ability to worship as you choose

• God, gold & glory

• Governing document of Plymouth Colony; determined a system of self-government

• Jamestown

• Motivation for exploration in the new world

• Pilgrims

• First successful English settlement in North America; founded in 1607

Match the following

• Mercantilism

• First elected representative assembly in the colonies

• Free enterprise

• The powers of government are delegated to elected representatives

• Virginia House of Burgesses

• The ability to move from one social class to another

• Representative

  government

• Economic system- controlled trade benefits the “Mother Country”; colonists expected to sell their raw products to Britain at low prices

• Social mobility

• Individuals free to produce, sell & buy whatever they can afford; prices set by supply & demand

Match the following

• American Revolution

• Last major battle of American Revolution; British surrendered; French help surround the British navy

• Articles of Confederation

• Created a loose confederation of states for newly independent colonies; many weaknesses

• Battle of Yorktown

• Colonial revolt against the British; 1776-1783

• Battle of Saratoga

• British were defeated; marked the turning point in the war; the French entered into an alliance with colonists after this battle

• Battles at Lexington & Concord

• Marked the start of the American Revolution; “the shot heard round the world”

Match the following

• Grievance

• A series of laws placed on the colonies by King George III to punish them for their rebellious spirit

• French & Indian War

• War between France & Britain over control of the Ohio River Valley; British wanted to tax colonies to repay the war debts

• Mercantilism

• Economic system where trade is controlled to benefit the “Mother Country;” colonist expected to ship raw products at low prices to Britain

• Intolerable Acts

• Issued by Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776; listed colonial grievances; Thomas Jefferson primary author

• Declaration of Independence

• A complaint of something wrong or a hardship suffered

Match the following

• 1776

• July, 4, 1776 – The colonials declared their independence from Great Britain

• Treaty of Paris

• In response to a series of taxes placed on the colonies; colonials protested - they had no representation or “voice” in Parliament

• Taxation without Representation

• An agreement or between two or more countries in reference to peace, alliance or other international issues

• Treaty

• 1783 - Officially end the American Revolution; British recognized colonies’ independence; gave lands to Americans

• Revolution

• A fundamental change in power; a “turn around”

Match the following

• Anti-Federalist

• The national (federal) and state governments share power

• Checks & Balances

• Written plan of government; listed powers & structure of new national government

• Constitution

• 1^st ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; protect rights of the individual

• Federalism

• Opposed approval of the new Constitution; George Mason, Patrick Henry; feared strong central government

• Bill of Rights

• Each branch of government has several ways to stop or “check” the other branches

Match the following

• Gibbons v. Ogden

• Strategies, procedures & practices that protect & reflect a country’s interests in international relations

• Limited Government

• Powers of government are limited; the people give the government only certain powers

• Marbury v. Madison

• Extends Congressional power over interstate trade

• Federalist Papers

• Essays by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay & James Madison that helped persuade Americans to approve the new constitution

• Foreign Policy

• Marshall court established the principle of judicial review- strengthened power of the judiciary to interpret Constitution

Match the following

• Protective Tariff

• Identified the “necessary & proper” or elastic clause – gives Congress powers needed to carry out powers listed in Constitution

• Philadelphia Convention

• Also known as Constitutional Convention; 1787- addressed problems in Articles of Confederation; resulted in new constitution

• Popular Sovereignty

• Authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of the people

• National Bank

• Tax or fee on imported goods; protects domestic economy

• McCulloch v. Maryland

• Place to deposit taxes, provide sound currency, make loans to national government; proposed by Hamilton

Match the following

• 3/5 Compromise

• A state where supreme power is held by the people & their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president

• War of 1812

• Fought against the British; cause – forced impressment of soldiers; U.S. preserved its independence

• Washington’s Farewell Address

• Warned against the rise of political parties & the challenges of foreign affairs

• Republic

• Government power divided into 3 strong branches: executive, judicial & legislative

• Separation of Powers

• Answers how slaves should be counted for purpose of representation; 5 slaves = 3 persons