Final Exam Review

Research shows that when high school athletes as a group are compared with other high school students, they tend to have

• lower grades but more interest in continuing their education.

• higher grades but less interest in continuing their education.

• lower grades and more positive attitudes toward school.

• higher grades and more positive attitudes toward school.

Opportunities to play professional sports are best described as

• excellent ways for many ethnic minorities to avoid discrimination.

• more open to women than to men during the past two decades.

• lucrative and open to many people.

• short term and limited to relatively few people.

When tax money is used to build sports stadiums and arenas for professional teams, one of the main results is that

• revenue streams at the stadium help to build public schools and parks.

• women and minorities receive most of the high paying job opportunities.

• public money is transferred to wealthy individuals and corporations.

• ticket prices are controlled by politicians who want to keep them affordable.

As defined in the chapter, social class refers to

• categories of people who share an economic position in society.

• global beliefs about economic inequalities and life chances.

• the social skills and sophistication of individuals in society.

• groups of people who generally vote for the same candidates.

When it is said that age intersects with other social factors in the sport experiences of older people, it means that older people

• see sports as more important than other activities in their lives.

• are influenced by age combined with gender, ethnicity, and social class.

• had similar access to sports participation opportunities in their lives.

• have multiple reasons for playing or not playing sports.

Social class relations are related to sports and sports participation because

• literacy is required to for participation in complex games.

• athletes tend to come from impoverished backgrounds in wealthy countries.

• all sports depend on the participation of middle-class people.

• organized sports and access to them depend on material resources.

Ableism is a perspective that leads people to believe that

• anyone can do whatever they want to do if they work hard.

• achieving life goals often requires luck as well as intelligence.

• perfection is achieved only through hard work.

• variation in people's abilities is an abnormal part of human existence.

The social model disability emphasizes that disability refers to

• a lack of accommodations that enable participation by people with an impairment.

• a physical or intellectual impairment that makes a person inferior to others.

• any condition that interferes with normal participation in society.

• a characteristic that evokes negative reactions when seen by others.

Male athletes from poor and working-class households often used sports participation as a means of obtaining

• job skills that could be used if they did not attend college.

• respect and a foundation for their identities.

• acceptance by and support from their parents.

• the material possessions that other young people had.

Research on sports participation and social class tends to show that

• participation in sports is highest among those who work in part-time physical jobs.

• low-income people cannot afford to play or watch any sports.

• low-income people play sports more than they watch them.

• higher-income people have high rates of attendance at most sports events.