What is a "debt-for-nature swap"?

A debt relief program in exchange for forest protection.

A method of clear-cutting forests.

A program to increase wood waste.

What is a second growth forest?

a forest that has never been cut.

a forest that has been replanted with only one type of tree.

What is a negative impact of tree plantations?

They can deplete topsoil nutrients.

What is a negative impact of road construction in forests?

decreased risk of invasive species.

What is the main ecological benefit of surface fires?

they release nutrients into the soil.

they increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What is the environmental impact of using tree free paper?

decreases the need to harvest trees.

increases demand for harvested trees.

increases the amount of wood waste.

increases the risk of crown fires.

What is the primary reason that people in developing nations move into tropical forests?

to find firewood and farming land.

A timber harvesting practice where all of the trees in a given area are harvested at the same time.

A timber harvesting practice where all trees larger than 20 feet tall are cut harvested.

When logging companies plant new saplings in an area bigger than 1 hectare.

When forestry services clear out the underbrush in a given area.

What is the benefit of strip cutting?

It allows for natural regrowth before adjacent strips are cut.

It is the least expensive method of tree removal.

What is rotational grazing?

Using temporary fencing to move livestock between areas.

Grazing livestock in a single area continuously.

Using herbicides to control plant growth.

Which of the following is a method used to protect rangelands from development?

Conservation easements and zoning regulations.

Eliminating all livestock grazing.

What is a cost effective alternative to herbicides for controlling unwanted plant species in a rangeland?

Controlled trampling by livestock.

Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers.

Allowing invasive plant species to grow unchecked.

Removing all livestock from the area.

What is a major challenge faced by national parks in developing countries?

Illegal logging, mining, and poaching.

What was the impact of the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park?

Restoration of ecological balance.

Decreased scavenger populations.

What is a keystone species?

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

A species that is always invasive.

A species that only exists in national parks.

A species that is always endangered.

What is the purpose of a buffer zone in a nature reserve?

To provide an area for sustainable resource use by local people.

To allow for unrestricted development.

To increase poaching activities.

To eliminate all human presence.

What is a "megareserve" system, as implemented in Costa Rica?

A system combining park cores with buffer zones.

A system that only protects urban areas.

A system that removes all local people from protected areas.

A system that encourages mining in national parks.

What is the purpose of wilderness areas?

To protect undeveloped land from human exploitation.

To promote resource exploitation.

To encourage urban development.

To increase logging activities.

What negative effect did the removal of the wolf have on Yellowstone national park?

An increase in the elk population.

A decrease in the deer population.

An increase in the beaver population.

What is a positive effect of the return of the wolves to Yellowstone national park?

normalization of the coyote population.

decrease in scavenger population.

What is a challenge that US national parks face?

lack of surrounding development.

What is the primary focus of the ecosystem approach?

Protecting threatened habitats and their ecosystem services.

Increasing industrial pollution.

What are biodiversity hotspots characterized by?

High levels of endemic species and significant habitat loss.

Low levels of endemic species and minimal habitat loss.

Uniform distribution of species and stable habitats.

High levels of invasive species.

What is the primary goal of ecological restoration?

To return ecosystems to a near-original state.

To create new industrial zones.

To introduce more invasive species.

To maximize resource extraction.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the four-step restoration strategy?

Introduce new non-native species.

Identify the causes of degradation.

What is reconciliation ecology?

Finding ways for humans to share ecosystems with other species.

A method of clear-cutting forests.

A strategy to eliminate all human impact on nature.

A plan to increase urban sprawl.

What is a benefit of reconciliation ecology?

Conservation of biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes.

Elimination of ecosystem services.

What is an example of reconciliation ecology?

Eliminating all wildlife habitats.

What is a "life raft" ecosystem?

an ecosystem with high poverty and dependence on ecosystem services.

an ecosystem that is completely devoid of life.

an ecosystem that is only found in aquatic environments.

an ecosystem that is completely man made.

What is the goal of protecting ecosystem services?

to protect both human communities and the ecosystems they depend on.

to only protect the human population.

to destroy any ecosystem that humans depend on.

How does ecotourism relate to reconciliation ecology?

it promotes sustainable tourism that supports both wildlife conservation and local economies.

it increases the use of pesticides.

it removes all wildlife from the area.

What is an important aspect of the ecosystem approach?

that it is holistic, considering land, water, and living resources together.

that it is only focused on terrestrial ecosystems.

that it is only focused on aquatic ecosystems.

that it only considers economical impacts.

What is a criteria for an area to be considered a biodiversity hotspot?

it contains at least 1500 endemic plant species.

it has gained 70% of its original habitat.

it has a very low human population.

Why is protecting biodiversity hotspots important?

they cover a small portion of earth's land surface but hold a vast majority of global biodiversity.

they hold a very small portion of global biodiversity.

they are home to a very small portion of endangered species.

they have very few endemic species.

Which of the following is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity?

Increased oxygen levels in water.

Reduced human ecological footprint.

What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?

Increased CO2 in the atmosphere.

What is a "dead zone" in aquatic ecosystems?

An area devoid of life due to oxygen depletion.

An area with high biodiversity.

An area with increased coral growth.

An area with sustainable fishing practices.

Chapter 8 UNIT Test Sustaining Ecosystems & Ecosystem Services

Authored by KIMBERLY NAILGALES

Science

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 4+ times

Chapter 8 UNIT Test Sustaining Ecosystems & Ecosystem Services

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the primary characteristic of an old-growth forest?

It is dominated by a single tree species.

It has been undisturbed for 200+ years.

It is regularly harvested for timber.

It is primarily composed of young trees.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the main difference between surface fires and crown fires?

Surface fires burn only in tropical forests.

Crown fires are controlled burns.

Surface fires burn undergrowth, while crown fires burn the canopy.

Crown fires are beneficial to forest health.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which harvesting method involves removing all trees in an area?

Selective cutting

Strip cutting

Clear-cutting

Prescribed burning

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is a major consequence of deforestation in tropical regions?

Increased biodiversity

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions

Loss of habitat for numerous species

Increased rainfall

What is the purpose of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)?

To promote clear-cutting practices.

To certify sustainable forestry operations.

To suppress all forest fires.

To encourage deforestation.

What is a prescribed burn?

An uncontrolled wildfire.

A controlled fire to reduce flammable material.

A method of clear-cutting.

A type of crown fire.

According to the text, what percentage of wood consumed in the US is estimated to be wasted?

10%

30%

60%

90%

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