Earth Science Review

Why is nearly 97% of Earth’s water unsuitable for consumption by humans?

• because it is too salty

• because it is too cold

• because it is trapped in ice

• because it is underground

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NGSS.5-ESS2-2

Which factor determines the amount of gas that can dissolve in ocean water?

• the motion of the air above the ocean water

• the temperature of the air above the ocean water

• the motion of the ocean water currents

• the temperature of the ocean water

A construction company has clear-cut all the plants on the land next to a river.

It plans to build many large homes on the land. During the construction, there

are periods of heavy rain. Large areas of red mud run off into the water, causing

the water to become extremely cloudy. Which effect will these mud particles

most likely have on life in the river?

• The mud particles will decrease the turbidity of the water, making it less

  difficult for plants to photosynthesize.

• The mud particles will decrease the turbidity of the water, making it more

  difficult for plants to photosynthesize.

• The mud particles will increase the turbidity of the water, making it less

  difficult for plants to photosynthesize.

• The mud particles will increase the turbidity of the water, making it more

  difficult for plants to photosynthesize.

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A lake borders a housing subdivision and a golf course. Over time, algae in the

lake begin to grow uncontrollably. Which is the most likely cause of the algal

bloom?

• runoff of topsoil from construction on the golf course

• runoff of nitrates from fertilizers applied to the golf course

• runoff of gasoline from roads through the golf course

• runoff of animal waste from pets walked on the golf course

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The diagram on the left shows layers of rock. The age of each layer of rock is

listed in the table on the right.

Suppose a fern fossil is found between Layer Y and Layer Z. During which time

range would the fern fossil most likely have formed?

• 2–10 million years ago

• 10–30 million years ago

• 30–50 million years ago

• 50–70 million years ago

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

The diagram below shows two locations where fossils of similar land-dwelling animals were discovered in the same type of sedimentary rock.

If the fossils date back to the early Mesozoic Era, what can most likely be

concluded?

• Earth is the same today as it was in the past.

• Both locations were once joined together in the past.

• The organisms are older than the rock layers beneath them.

• The two locations had climates that differed from each other in the past.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which is most likely to result at a river basin when a large amount of snow melts

at the beginning of spring?

• Surface water and groundwater levels increase.

• Surface water and groundwater levels decrease.

• Surface water levels increase, while groundwater levels decrease.

• Surface water levels decrease, while groundwater levels increase.

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Why is the surface temperature of the ocean usually greater than the temperature on the ocean floor?

• More photosynthetic organisms live near the surface

• The density of the water is higher at the surface.

• The surface of the water receives more sunlight

• Salinity is higher along the surface of the water.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

A scientist is testing the effect of a chemical, ammonia, on fresh water. The

scientist collects water from a local lake and pours it into a large fish tank. Then,

ammonia is allowed to drip into the fish tank at a constant rate. The table below

shows the data from this experiment.

What can be concluded about ammonia from the data?

• Ammonia is an acid, and it can decrease the nitrate pollution in the lake.

• Ammonia is an acid, and it can increase the nitrate pollution in the lake.

• Ammonia is a base, and it can decrease the nitrate pollution in the lake.

• Ammonia is a base, and it can increase the nitrate pollution in the lake.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

How can water be monitored to assure it is safe for human consumption?

• by increasing the acidity of the water to prevent diseases

• by adding extra nitrates and phosphates to the water

• by testing drinking water for chemicals and bacteria

• by lowering the dissolved oxygen levels in the water

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