Stem Cells

A zygote is what type of cell

• PPC

• ESC

• PPSC

• TPSC

You are presented with a 40 year old who is no longer producing new hepatic cells, using your current knowledge, what most likely went wrong?

• They have no stem cells in their liver

• Their progenitor cells have died or mutated

• A chunk of their embryonic stem cell mass died, leading to this problem later in life

• Their pluripotent stem cells have not yet migrated to their liver

If two daughter cells are derived from a stem cell and one undergoes a process to retain a more specialized function, what is this called?

• Totipotency

• Differentiation

• Self-renewal of stem cells

• Both A and B

If precursor cells can regenerate, why would they not all just differentiate?

• Asymmetric division

• Environmental factors

• They would get lonely

• They don't want to

What type of stem cell are ESCs?

• totipotent

• Pluripotent

• Unipotent

• multipotent

What is the importance of a crypt?

• You need somewhere to bury the dead

• Store cell waste

• Dispose of deceased ESCs

• sustain villus by housing stem cells

Your patient presents with a horrible gut infection yet their immune system seems to be strong enough to handle the common bacterium. What would you suggest caused the infection?

• An overexpression of growth factors caused bacterial colonies to explode

• A mutation in Paneth cells caused the cessation of passive antimicrobial activity

• Hyperplasia of villi due to mutation of precursor cells shielded the bacteria from the immune system

• A deficiency in sodium inhibited villi from ingesting glucose, allowing bacterial colonies to flourish with the increased food source

How does WNT signaling affect the villus?

• erroneously activated anaphase promoting complex induces transcription of WNT associated genes, leading to hyperplasia

• erroneously activated adenomatous polyposis coli induces transcription of WNT associated genes, leading to hyperplasia

• erroneous deactivation of anaphase promoting complex induces transcription of WNT associated genes, leading to hyperplasia

• erroneous deactivation of adenomatous polyposis coli induces transcription of WNT associated genes, leading to hyperplasia

Can someone tell me how you can turn a fibroblast into a iPC?

• yee haw

• Nuh uh