Plant Structure

For flowering plants to reproduce sexually, male gametes must be transferred to female ovules during pollination. What is one structure of the plant that makes this possible?

• The long filaments transport the pollen to the ovary.

• The anthers protect the ovule until pollination

• The stigma is often sticky and traps pollen.

• The sepals disperse pollen into the air.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are involved in the processes of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. How do plants obtain these gases from the environment?

• Filaments in the soil pump gases into the vascular system.

• Gases in the soil enter through the meristem tissue of the roots

• The opening of stomata allows gases from the atmosphere to enter leaves.

•   Openings in the xylem allow the gases to be drawn in from the atmosphere.

During the process of photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the Sun to produce glucose and oxygen. Which of the following correctly describes a structure that makes this process possible?

•    The hollow and elongated xylem moves water upward from the root.

• The leaf-like sepals release glucose to the atmosphere through their pores.

• The flat base of the stigma captures the Sun’s energy at the most direct angle.

• The tall stalks of the stamen reach above the petals to bring oxygen into the flower.

1.       The diagram below shows a cross section of a flower.

What is the name of structure Y?

•   ovary

•   ovule

• style

• stigma

The phloem tissue of vascular plants is primarily composed of sieve elements and companion cells. These components allow the tissue to function in a very specialized way. Sieve elements are arranged in long, cylindrical patterns that form a tube of cells. The cell membranes of these sieve elements allow molecules to pass between the cells of the tube. Companion cells are responsible for taking up certain molecules made in the plant's leaves through active transport and moving them into the tubes made by sieve elements. Based on the composition of phloem tissue, what is the function?

•   The conversion of light energy into sugar.

•   The transport of water to the plant’s leaves

•   The conversion of sugar into usable energy.

• The transport of sugars and other organic molecules.

In vascular plants, specialized root hairs on the roots of the plant are responsible for taking up water and nutrients. The water taken up by the roots of the plant can then be transported to the rest of the plant through which of the following parts?  

•   Chloroplasts

•        Mitochondria

•   Phloem

•   Xylem

Which physiological adaptation would decrease the process of transpiration in a plant?   

 

• Opening stomata at night only.

• Growth of an extensive root structure.

• Development of the ability to bind metals to root cells.

• Development of an altered growth cycle to match the seasons.

Many plants experience regular periods of dormancy. Which of these best explains the benefits of dormancy?

• It prevents the plant producing too many offspring.

• It allows the plant time to adapt to changing conditions.

• It reduces competition between plants of different species.

• It allows the plant to conserve nutrients until conditions improve

Which of the following physical changes would likely help a plant adapt to living in an area with little rainfall?

• Thin bark

• Deep taproot

• Large stomata

• Large, thin leaves

Label the parts of the flower.

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

b

a

style

receptacle

filament

ovary

stamen

anther

stigma

petal

ovule

pistil