PSY366 Final

The "why" of self-talk describes

• If it takes place in the practice or competitive environment

• If it takes place before, during, or after a competitive event

• The kinds of words and phrases used in self-talk

• Whether used for purposes of motivation or cognition

Which of the following statements is TRUE relative to the use of biofeedback for enhancing athletic performance?

• It is only effective when used in conjunction with imagery.

• It is highly effective in eliciting the relaxation response and moderately effective in enhancing athletic performance.

• It has proven to be ineffective.

• It is highly effective in enhancing athletic performance.

The "readiness for aggression" notion of Berkowitz's reformulation of the F-A hypothesis is that

• A frustrating event leads directly to an overt aggressive response.

• A frustrating event creates a readiness for aggression.

• Aggression is learned.

• Aggression is "readied" or prepared as a result of catharsis.

In order for an overt act to be labeled aggression, three of the following conditions must be present. Which condition or item DOES NOT belong?

• Any act involving unusual effort and energy expenditure that results in physical harm to an opponent.

• Aggression must be against a living target.

• Intent to harm must be evident.

• Reasonable expectation that aggression will be successful.

Research indicates that exercise dependence can be predicted (with some degree of confidence) by a number of variables. Which of the following is NOT one of these potential predictors?

• Perfectionism.

• Being male.

• Task goal orientation.

• Substance use and abuse.

Which area of the brain has been identified as an important brain structure associated with physical activity and its effects on cognitive functioning?

• Cortex generally.

• Prefrontal cortex.

• Brain stem.

• Cerebellum.

Why is it that it is often possible to reliably discriminate between elite athletes and less skilled athletes, but it is difficult to reliably discriminate between athletes of differing skill level generally (e.g., starters versus nonstarters)?

• Elite athletes tend to be very homogeneous relative to their personality profiles.

• Elite athletes tend to be very heterogeneous relative to their personality profiles.

• Athletes at the lower skill levels tend to have very similar personality profiles.

• Elite athletes are very easy to identify because of their approach to training.

Making sure that all sport injury rehabilitation personnel receive training in sport psychology applications.

• The distributed approach.

• The specialist approach.

• The cognitive approach.

• The behavioral approach.

A significant and positive relationship between team cohesion and athletic performance is most likely to occur with

• Noninteractive teams.

• Aquatic activities.

• Coactive teams.

• Interactive teams.

Individuals who are dissatisfied with their current exercise behavior, who exhibit high levels of ________________, and who set exercise goals are generally able to achieve their goals.

• Social cognitive ability.

• Exercise self-efficacy.

• Exercise self-control.

• Exercise intention.