LS1.4 BIO1 Review

Living cells synthesize long chains of amino acids called proteins. Which substance provides the information needed to correctly sequence the amino acids during protein synthesis?

• ATP

• mRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

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BIO1.LS1.4

The diagram shows a cellular process in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid gives rise to a single-stranded molecule of nucleic acid.

Place the terms below that correctly describe the process shown.

​ (a)   is ​ (b)   into ​ (c)  

• DNA
• translated
• RNA
• transcribed

The table describes the steps involved in the production of proteins in a cell.

A student uses the information to design a model of the process. Drag each step into its position in the model to sequence the steps of the process correctly.

​ (a)   →​ (b)   →​ (c)   →​ (d)  

• X
• Z
• Y
• W

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The image shows the production of petal color in a flower.

What can be concluded from the diagram?

• DNA and a protein mix together to produce purple flowers.

• Proteins stop the DNA from keeping the flower petals white.

• DNA codes for a protein that makes pigments so the flower appears purple.

• A pigment protein makes DNA, which causes the flower to appear purple.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following best explains why different proteins contain a different number and a different sequence of amino acids?

• Proteins are produced by different ribosomes.

• Proteins are coded by genes with different nucleotide sequences.

• Proteins are different because each codon codes for more than one amino acid.

• Proteins combine in different ways based on the cellular need.

  Proteins combine in different ways based on the cellular need.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statement best explains how RNA polymerase knows where to start and stop making an RNA copy of DNA?

• The enzyme only binds to regions of DNA known as promoters, which have specific base sequences.

• The enzyme binds to a sequence of nucleotides called introns that are cut out before they become functional.

• The enzyme splices exons together before transcription begins to form the final mRNA molecule.

• The enzyme proofreads each DNA strand to help ensure each molecule is copied exactly in the order of the original strand.

Which of these shows the correct order for the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA to protein to RNA

• RNA to DNA to protein

• protein to DNA to RNA

• DNA to RNA to protein

The following gene segment codes for a peptide in humans:

GCTGTGTGAGGCAGA

What is the expected mRNA sequence when the gene is transcribed in transgenic mice?

• GCTGTGAGGCAGAAC

• CGACACUCCGUCUUG

• CGACACACUCCGUCU

• GCUGUGAGGCAGAAC

An RNA sequence includes 12 bases. What is the maximum number of amino acids for which this sequence could code?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 12

An RNA codon chart is pictured.

For which amino acid sequence does the RNA sequence UUUCCUCAA code?

• leucine-threonine-glutamic acid

• phenylalanine-proline-glutamine

• phenylalanine-proline-histidine

• serine-histidine-glutamine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1