9. Ecology & Evolution

Which best describes how cloning is different from selective breeding?

• cloning eliminates recessive alleles

• cloning transforms harmful traits into beneficial traits

• cloning corrects or replaces mutated genes

• cloning results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Which best describes how geographic isolation can contribute to land animal speciation?

• it physically separates populations but allows them to interact

• it physically separates populations and prevents them from interacting

• it causes genetic changes in individual organisms but allows them to interact

• it causes genetic changes in individual organisms and prevents them from interacting

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Whales have vestigial femur and pelvic bones. Which best describes why these bones are present?

• whales evolved from ancestors that lived on land

• whales evolved from fish that once lived on land

• hind limbs are an adaptation in whales and they will eventually evolve into land mammals

• hind limbs allow whales to walk on the ocean floor

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which is a biotic component of an aquarium ecosystem?

• water temp of 23 C

• pH of 6.5

• bacteria that filter out ammonia

• natural, fluorescent lighting

Tadpoles have a lower survival rate when grown in a pond with a high tadpole population density. Which interact most likely leads to their lower survival rate?

• symbiosis

• mutualism

• competition

• commensalism

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which best describes the population in this graph?

• a population quickly increases then becomes stable due to limiting factors

• a population quickly increases but then fluctuates due to predators

• a population quickly increases but then decreases

• a population increases at a constant rate

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

What steps would a scientist need to take when first making a hypothesis about something and eventually developing a scientific theory.

• experiment and/or collect data

• analyze the data

• draw a conclusion

• communicate the data to other scientists

• allow other scientists to experiment and collect data

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Asian carp are an invasive species. These large fish eat up to 40% of their body weight per day by feeding on phytoplankton. The carp also reproduce quickly. What would happen to an ecosystem they were released into?

• producer populations would increase and small fish would thrive

• native fish would quickly eat the invasive carp

• consumers at the highest trophic levels would have stress, but small organisms would be uneffected

• mosts consumers in the ecosystem would suffer from a lack of food

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which trait was most likely favored by natural selection?

• 1

• 2

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Reorder the following from 1) least amount of organisms to 4) most amount of organisms.

• population

• community

• ecosystem

• biome