AP WH Practice Test 1

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to

• facilitate the development of regional trade networks by creating uniform currencies and systems of credit.

• finance imperial conquests by supplying credit and currency for purchasing weapons.

• facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

• finance transnational Chinese artisan businesses across Eurasia by diversifying sources of credit and currency.

Image 1 could best be used as evidence of the ways in which

• the introduction of new commercial practices fostered urban expansion.

• new commercial technologies helped expand literacy.

• imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity.

• commerce fostered cultural unity in some politically fragmented regions.

The author’s portrayal of the activities shown in Image 2 was most directly informed by

• aristocratic resentment of peasants

• Christian religious ideals

• royal concern about the growing wealth of merchants

• aristocratic ideals of chivalry and valor

All of the following statements about the use of the currency shown in Image 1 in China under the Yuan dynasty are factually accurate. Which best explains why the currency often led to hyperinflation?

• The Yuan government forced private citizens to surrender their gold and silver and accept paper currency in its place.

• Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites.

• The Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia also briefly modeled its monetary policy on the paper currency printed in Yuan China.

• Travelers to Yuan China noted that only paper currency was accepted for business transactions

Source 1

“People who follow Judaism should pass their lives among Christians quietly, practicing their own religion and not speaking ill of Christianity. Moreover, a Jewish person should not attempt to convert any Christian. Whoever violates this law shall be put to death and lose his property.

Jewish people may maintain their synagogues, but they cannot build new synagogues without our permission. Christians may not deface synagogues or steal anything from them. Jewish people shall not be forced to attend court by Christian officials on Saturdays [the Jewish Sabbath]. All legal claims between Christians and the Jewish community shall be decided by our royal judges and a Christian is forbidden from arresting or harming Jewish people or seizing their property.

Christians may not use force to convert a Jewish person to Christianity, though Christians should use the Holy Scriptures and kind words. Jewish people, however, should not attempt to interfere with a member of their community converting to Christianity of their own will. Any Christian, however, who converts to Judaism shall be put to death as a heretic.”

Law code issued by Alfonso X, king of the Christian Spanish kingdom of Castile, circa 1265

Source 2

“King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, by the grace of God, King and Queen of Spain, greetings.

We learned that some wicked Christians in our kingdom adopted Jewish religious practices and cultural customs and apostatized from our holy Catholic faith because these Christians interacted with Jewish people. Therefore, we, with the counsel and advice of the clergy, noblemen, and other persons of learning and wisdom in our kingdom, order the Jewish community to depart and never to return. And we forbid any person or persons in our kingdom to receive, protect, or defend any Jewish person under pain of losing all their possessions, vassals, fortified places, and whatever financial grants they hold from us.”

Royal decree issued by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1492

The policy toward minority religious groups described in Source 1 is most consistent with the policy toward minority religious groups in Islamic states in the period before 1450 because it

• required certain minority religious groups to pay a poll tax

• was often not strictly enforced by local officials

• granted limited personal freedom and protection

• allowed minority religious groups to use their traditional legal systems

Source 1

“People who follow Judaism should pass their lives among Christians quietly, practicing their own religion and not speaking ill of Christianity. Moreover, a Jewish person should not attempt to convert any Christian. Whoever violates this law shall be put to death and lose his property.

Jewish people may maintain their synagogues, but they cannot build new synagogues without our permission. Christians may not deface synagogues or steal anything from them. Jewish people shall not be forced to attend court by Christian officials on Saturdays [the Jewish Sabbath]. All legal claims between Christians and the Jewish community shall be decided by our royal judges and a Christian is forbidden from arresting or harming Jewish people or seizing their property.

Christians may not use force to convert a Jewish person to Christianity, though Christians should use the Holy Scriptures and kind words. Jewish people, however, should not attempt to interfere with a member of their community converting to Christianity of their own will. Any Christian, however, who converts to Judaism shall be put to death as a heretic.”

Law code issued by Alfonso X, king of the Christian Spanish kingdom of Castile, circa 1265

Source 2

“King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, by the grace of God, King and Queen of Spain, greetings.

We learned that some wicked Christians in our kingdom adopted Jewish religious practices and cultural customs and apostatized from our holy Catholic faith because these Christians interacted with Jewish people. Therefore, we, with the counsel and advice of the clergy, noblemen, and other persons of learning and wisdom in our kingdom, order the Jewish community to depart and never to return. And we forbid any person or persons in our kingdom to receive, protect, or defend any Jewish person under pain of losing all their possessions, vassals, fortified places, and whatever financial grants they hold from us.”

Royal decree issued by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1492

The two passages best illustrate which of the following continuities in world history?

• While some states sought to impose religious uniformity on their populations, others embraced religious syncretism.

• While some states used religion to legitimize their power, others used military or bureaucratic means.

• While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity.

• While some states allowed for numerous official religions, others recognized only one official religion.

Source 1

“People who follow Judaism should pass their lives among Christians quietly, practicing their own religion and not speaking ill of Christianity. Moreover, a Jewish person should not attempt to convert any Christian. Whoever violates this law shall be put to death and lose his property.

Jewish people may maintain their synagogues, but they cannot build new synagogues without our permission. Christians may not deface synagogues or steal anything from them. Jewish people shall not be forced to attend court by Christian officials on Saturdays [the Jewish Sabbath]. All legal claims between Christians and the Jewish community shall be decided by our royal judges and a Christian is forbidden from arresting or harming Jewish people or seizing their property.

Christians may not use force to convert a Jewish person to Christianity, though Christians should use the Holy Scriptures and kind words. Jewish people, however, should not attempt to interfere with a member of their community converting to Christianity of their own will. Any Christian, however, who converts to Judaism shall be put to death as a heretic.”

Law code issued by Alfonso X, king of the Christian Spanish kingdom of Castile, circa 1265

Source 2

“King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, by the grace of God, King and Queen of Spain, greetings.

We learned that some wicked Christians in our kingdom adopted Jewish religious practices and cultural customs and apostatized from our holy Catholic faith because these Christians interacted with Jewish people. Therefore, we, with the counsel and advice of the clergy, noblemen, and other persons of learning and wisdom in our kingdom, order the Jewish community to depart and never to return. And we forbid any person or persons in our kingdom to receive, protect, or defend any Jewish person under pain of losing all their possessions, vassals, fortified places, and whatever financial grants they hold from us.”

Royal decree issued by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1492

The attitude toward religious practice expressed in Source 2 was most directly apparent in which of the following Spanish policies in the Americas in the period circa 1500–1750 ?

• The establishment of the casta system

• The state sponsorship of Jesuit missions to native populations

• The use of the encomienda system

• The development of Candomblé and Voudun among African slave populations

Source 1

“People who follow Judaism should pass their lives among Christians quietly, practicing their own religion and not speaking ill of Christianity. Moreover, a Jewish person should not attempt to convert any Christian. Whoever violates this law shall be put to death and lose his property.

Jewish people may maintain their synagogues, but they cannot build new synagogues without our permission. Christians may not deface synagogues or steal anything from them. Jewish people shall not be forced to attend court by Christian officials on Saturdays [the Jewish Sabbath]. All legal claims between Christians and the Jewish community shall be decided by our royal judges and a Christian is forbidden from arresting or harming Jewish people or seizing their property.

Christians may not use force to convert a Jewish person to Christianity, though Christians should use the Holy Scriptures and kind words. Jewish people, however, should not attempt to interfere with a member of their community converting to Christianity of their own will. Any Christian, however, who converts to Judaism shall be put to death as a heretic.”

Law code issued by Alfonso X, king of the Christian Spanish kingdom of Castile, circa 1265

Source 2

“King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, by the grace of God, King and Queen of Spain, greetings.

We learned that some wicked Christians in our kingdom adopted Jewish religious practices and cultural customs and apostatized from our holy Catholic faith because these Christians interacted with Jewish people. Therefore, we, with the counsel and advice of the clergy, noblemen, and other persons of learning and wisdom in our kingdom, order the Jewish community to depart and never to return. And we forbid any person or persons in our kingdom to receive, protect, or defend any Jewish person under pain of losing all their possessions, vassals, fortified places, and whatever financial grants they hold from us.”

Royal decree issued by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1492

Which of the following states in the period 1450–1750 adopted a religious policy that was most different from the religious policy expressed in Source 2 ?

• The Mughal Empire under Akbar the Great

• The Safavid Empire under Shah Ismail I

• The Ottoman Empire

• The Tokugawa Shogunate

The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following?

• Spanish Flu

• Malaria

• Smallpox

• Bubonic Plague

Which of the following best explains why, in the mid fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro-Eurasia than in rural or mountainous regions?

• The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas.

• People in rural and mountainous regions had greater access to natural medicines that could fight the disease.

• People in rural and mountainous regions were better able to flee to the safety of their lords’ castles.

• The disease principally spread among religious missionaries, and most missionaries traveled to cities.