Crack Micro

Which of the following condition is non-suppurative sequelae of Streptococcus pyogenes infections?

• A. Acute rheumatic fever

• B. Acute glomerulonephritis

• C. Erythema nodosum

• D. All of the above

• E. A & B

Type I allergic reactions are mediated primarily by which antibody?

• A) IgG

• B) IgM

• C) IgE

• D) IgA

• E) IgC

Mutans streptococci is commonly found in carious lesions on both smooth surface and root surfaces.Lactobacilli is commonly found in carious lesions on smooth surfaces.

• A) Both statements are true

• B) Both statements are false

• C) First statement is true, the second is false

• D) First statement is false, the second is true

Mutans streptococci can ferment a variety of dietary carbohydrates to produce mostly lactic acid and consequently, the pH is reduced and enamel demineralization occurs.Lactobacilli can produce large amounts of organic acids and are very tolerant to the adverse effects of low pH.

• A) Both statements are true

• B) Both statements are false

• C) First statement is true, the second is false

• D) First statement is false, the second is true

A biopsy using direct-immunofluorescence should be considered when a clinician suspects which of the following?

• A) Linear IgA dermatosis

• B) Bullous lupus

• C) Bullous pemphigoid

• D) Pemphigus vulgaris

• E) All of the above

It is likely that cell mediated immune reactions (delayed hypersensitivity) occur in periodontal disease because subjects with periodontitis often have

• 14.8% A) IgA antibody reactive with plaque bacterial antigens

• B) T-lymphocytes sensitized to plaque bacterial antigens

• C) High levels of collagenase in gingival fluid

• D) Soluble immune complexes with involved gingival tissues

• E) High levels of IgG complexes in gingival connective tissues

All of the following mechanisms are activated or accelerated by heat EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

• A) Panting

• B) Sweating

• C) Fatigue

• D) Peripheral vasoconstriction

• E) Loss of appetite

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the production of endotoxins?

• A) All gram positive bacteria

• B) All gram negative bacteria

• C) Some gram positive bacteria

• D) Some gram negative bacteria

• E) A mixture of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

HBsAg is the most commonly used marker of infection for diagnostic and blood screening, because an individual positive for HBsAg is considered to be infected with HBV, and is therefore potentially infectious

• A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

• B) Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related

• C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.

• D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.

• E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Which of the following best describes bacterial endospores?

• A) Sensitive to high temperatures

• B) Sensitive to chemical damage

• C) More resistant to desiccation than fungal spores

• D) Sensitive to UV radiation

• E) Complex developmental process is often initiated in response to nutrient excess