Analytical Epidemiology

Which of the following is the primary characteristic of a cohort study?

• A. Subjects are randomly assigned to groups

• B. Subjects are selected based on exposure status

• C. Subjects are selected based on outcome status

• D. Subjects are selected based on a combination of exposure and outcome

A case-control study is conducted to investigate the association between smoking and lung cancer. Which group serves as the cases?

• A. Smokers with lung cancer

• B. Non-smokers with lung cancer

• C. Smokers without lung cancer

• D. Non-smokers without lung cancer

What is the purpose of matching in a case-control study?

• A. To ensure the groups being compared are similar

• B. To increase the statistical power of the study

• C. To reduce the effects of confounding variables

• D. To ensure the study is feasible

What is the main advantage of a cohort study over a case-control study?

• A. Cohort studies are more feasible

• B. Cohort studies are more cost-effective

• C. Cohort studies can determine the incidence of disease

• D. Cohort studies can be completed more quickly

In a case-control study, what is the most commonly used measure of association?

• A. Relative risk

• B. Odds ratio

• C. Hazard ratio

• D. Incidence rate ratio

The main difference between a prospective and retrospective cohort study is:

• a. The timing of data collection

• b. The type of outcome measured

• c. The type of study design

• d. The selection of participants