Quiz about Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution

Question 1

O1: Which of the following describes an allele?

Accepted Answer

A version of a gene passed on from parent to offspring.

Answer

A section of DNA that determines a trait.

Answer

The entire genetic material within a cell.

Answer

A component of the cell membrane.

Question 2

O1: Complete the sentence.

______ variation includes differences in genes, whereas ______ variation includes differences in traits.

Accepted Answer

Genetic ; physical

Answer

Allele ; genetic

Answer

Genetic ; allele

Answer

Physical ; genetic

Question 3

O1: Read the statement.

An individual has blue eyes while both parents have green eyes.

In this example, what caused the offspring to look different than the parents?

Accepted Answer

The offspring received one allele from the mother and one allele from the father. The combination of alleles led to blue eyes.

Answer

The offspring received more alleles from the mother than it did the father. This led to blue eyes.

Answer

The offspring received both alleles from the father. The alleles led to blue eyes.

Answer

The offspring received both alleles from the mother. The alleles led to blue eyes.

Question 4

O1: Which option describes a source of variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutations.

Answer

Evolution.

Answer

Natural selection.

Answer

Adaptations.

Question 5

O1: Which option describes what is meant by the term variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

It means that, within a population, individuals have different traits.

Answer

It means that only some individuals in a population survive.

Answer

It means that organisms get larger and physically stronger over time.

Answer

It means that a population experiences steady growth.

Question 6

O2: Read the statement.

At the genetic scale, natural selection ___________ in a population.

Which option correctly completes this statement?

Accepted Answer

changes the frequency of alleles

Answer

increases the amount of variation

Answer

determines which genes become physical traits

Answer

decreases the number of genes

Question 7

O2: Which option summarizes natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Some individuals pass more genes to the next generation due to their ability to survive. Over time, the population changes to include traits that are beneficial for survival.

Answer

Individuals change their traits over their lifetime to become better at survival. This maintains variation within the population, making it stronger.

Answer

Individuals that require fewer resources are more successful at survival. These are the only individuals that survive.

Answer

Some individuals are physically stronger and tougher than others. These are the only individuals that survive.

Question 8

O2: Read the statement.

Camouflage allows organisms to blend in with their surroundings. This allows organisms to be more difficult to see.

Which options correctly describe how natural selection results in camouflage?

Accepted Answer

Individuals that have the wrong shape or color for camouflage are at a disadvantage. Fewer of them survive.

Accepted Answer

Individuals that have the right shape or color for camouflage are at an advantage. More of them survive.

Answer

Individuals change shape and colors over their lifetime until they get the correct patterns. Those who can achieve this fast can survive.

Answer

Individuals change shape and colors over their lifetime until they get the correct patterns. Those who cannot achieve this in time do not survive.

Question 9

O2: What is artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans selecting individuals with desirable traits to breed and have offspring.

Answer

The differences in individuals of the same species.

Answer

Some genetic traits not appearing as physical traits in an organism.

Answer

Nature selecting individuals with beneficial traits for the environments in which they live.

Question 10

O2: Read the statement.

A population of Arctic foxes has variation in the thickness of its fur coat. Some individuals have thicker fur whereas others have more thin fur coats.

In recent years, the Arctic temperatures have increased due to climate change. Which of the following predicts how natural selection will likely play out in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The individuals with more thin coats will likely survive and reproduce, passing this trait to their offspring. Over time, Arctic foxes may have more thin coats.

Answer

Individuals with thin fur coats will likely experience mutations that allow them to develop thicker fur coats. Over time, the Arctic fox population will change to have thicker coats.

Answer

Individuals with both thin and thick fur coats will likely survive and reproduce. The population will remain unchanged.

Answer

The individuals with thicker coats will likely survive and reproduce, passing this trait to their offspring. Over time, Arctic foxes may have more thicker coats.

Question 11

O2: During artificial selection, who "selects" which parent organisms will reproduce and pass their genes to their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Humans.

Answer

Mutations.

Answer

Nature.

Answer

The selection of mates is random.

Question 12

O3: Read the statement.

Pea plants can be tall or short. This is determined by two alleles. The allele for being tall is dominant over the allele for being short.

Two short pea plants are crossed and produce offspring. Which of the following options correctly describe the offspring?

Accepted Answer

They will be short.

Answer

They will be tall.

Answer

It is more likely that they will be tall but they can also be short.

Answer

It is more likely that they will be short, but they can also be tall.

Question 13

O3: Read the statement.

Some living things, like people, reproduce with a partner. This is called sexual reproduction.

Which of the following is correct about the offspring that are produced during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

They inherit equal amounts of DNA from both parents. This means they have two copies of every gene.

Answer

They only inherit DNA from the recessive parent. This means they have one copy of every gene.

Answer

They only inherit DNA from the dominant parent. This means they have one copy of every gene.

Answer

They only inherit DNA from one parent. This means they have one copy of every gene.

Question 14

O3: Read the statement. Then, complete the sentence.

In Mendel's theory of heredity, he noted that when two different alleles are inherited together, one may be expressed while the effect of the other may be "silenced".

Alleles that are "silenced" are referred to as __________, whereas alleles that are always expressed are referred to as ___________.

Accepted Answer

recessive ; dominant

Answer

recessive ; heterozygous

Answer

homozygous ; recessive

Answer

dominant ; recessive

Question 15

O3: Which option describes heredity?

Accepted Answer

Each parent passing their genes to their offspring.

Answer

Over time, populations gain traits that make them more suited for their environment.

Answer

If there are enough resources, the population will grow.

Answer

The more fit individuals in a population are more likely to survive.

Question 16

Q3: Read the statement.

Pea plants can be tall or short. This is determined by two alleles. The allele for being tall is dominant over the allele for being short.

Two tall pea plants are crossed and produce offspring. Which of the following options correctly describes the offspring?

Accepted Answer

It is more likely that they will be tall but they can also be short.

Answer

They will be short.

Answer

They will be tall.

Answer

It is more likely that they will be short but they can also be tall.

Question 17

O4: Which of the following are physical adaptations?

Accepted Answer

The quills of porcupines, used for defense.

Accepted Answer

The thick fur of polar bears, used against cold.

Answer

Gazelles living in herds, which makes spotting predators easier.

Answer

Some birds building nests, which makes attracting mates easier.

Question 18

O4: Read the statement.

Rabbits that live in a desert have light-colored fur. This allows them to blend in with their surroundings.

Which change in the environment is likely to result in rabbits having darker-colored fur over time?

Accepted Answer

A volcanic eruption causing the soil to become black.

Answer

A period where the temperature suddenly drops.

Answer

A long period without much water.

Answer

A period where rabbits cannot find enough food.

Question 19

O4: Read the scenario.

Scientists have found that mice living on light-colored sand tend to have light-colored coats. Mice living on patches of dark-colored rock, on the other hand, have mostly dark-colored coats.

Which of the following describes the selective pressures that drove the mice populations to change their coat color over time to be better adapted to their environments?

Accepted Answer

Predators, like owls and snakes, that can see mice when their coat color is different from their background environment.

Answer

Changing temperatures, from hot to cold.

Answer

Limited food supply that caused dark and light-colored mice to compete for food.

Answer

Inability to find habitat due to human development.

Question 20

O4: Read the statement.

In some spider species, after mating, the male allows itself to be eaten by the female. This gives the female a reliable source of nutrition.

Which of the following describes why some spiders species have developed this behavioral adaptation over time?

Accepted Answer

The environment that these spiders live in has limited food sources.

Answer

The environment that these spiders in live is extremely cold.

Answer

The spiders are hunted as prey by many other species.

Answer

The environment that these spiders live in does not get a lot of sunlight.

Question 21

O4: Which option describes adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Over time, populations gain traits that make them more suited for the environment.

Answer

Parents pass their genes to their offspring.

Answer

Only the strongest individuals in a population are likely to survive.

Answer

If there are enough resources, the population will grow.

Question 22

O4: In a population, how do adaptations develop over time?

Accepted Answer

Traits that help an organism survive become more common. Traits that hinder survival eventually disappear.

Answer

Traits developed through the blending of both parent's DNA become beneficial traits that help organisms to better survive over time.

Answer

Traits that hinder survival become more common. Traits that help an organism survive eventually disappear.

Answer

All traits developed through mutations are beneficial to organisms and become adaptations over time.

Question 23

O4: How are adaptations related to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Adaptations are the result of natural selection.

Answer

Adaptations are an alternative to the process of natural selection.

Answer

Adaptations cause natural selection to occur.

Answer

Adaptations are a mechanism through which natural selection occurs.

Question 24

O5: What are the requirements in order for natural selection to occur within a population?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of offspring.

Accepted Answer

Passing adaptations to offspring.

Accepted Answer

Variation in genes and traits.

Answer

Random mating.

Question 25

O5: Why is variation a requirement of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection acts on traits that are produced by variation.

Answer

Variation allows for selected traits to be transferred between generations.

Answer

Selection causes variation to only produce traits that make an organism more fit.

Answer

Variation allows individuals to select mates, which means some traits are selected for.

Question 26

O5: Read the scenario.

In a population of brown and green beetles, brown beetles tend to have more offspring and become more common in the population. Over time, the entire population of beetles becomes brown.

Which of the following describes the adaptation in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Brown coloration in beetles.

Answer

Inheritance of green coloration in beetles.

Answer

Variation of beetle color.

Answer

Green coloration in beetles.

Question 27

O5: Which of the following describes the importance of variation in order for natural selection to occur within a population?

Accepted Answer

Variation increases the likelihood that at least some members of a population will be adapted to their environment and survive under changed conditions.

Answer

Variation allows organisms to be genetically identical. In order for natural selection and evolution to occur, all organisms need to look physically the same.

Answer

Variation is needed in order for organisms to sexually reproduce. Without sexual reproduction, organisms cannot evolve.

Answer

Without variation, organisms cannot pass their traits to their offspring. This means heredity cannot happen.

Question 28

O5: Read the statement.

A population has ample food resources and no predators or diseases that reduce their number.

Which option is correct about this population?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is not acting on the population. This will change when a resource becomes scarce or a predator moves in.

Answer

Natural selection is not acting on the population. Natural selection only happens when populations experience disease.

Answer

Natural selection is acting on the population. Natural selection happens as long as there are any food sources in the environment.

Answer

Natural selection is acting on the population. Natural selection happens as long as there are living members of a population.

Question 29

O5: Which requirement of natural selection ensures selected traits will be passed to the offspring?

Accepted Answer

Heredity

Answer

Variation

Answer

Mutations

Answer

Evolution

Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution

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