1-2 Chemical Reactions Standard Quiz (SQ)

Chemical reactions occur because reactants are trying to become more _______

• stable

• energetic

• electronegative

• radioactive

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

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The reaction between Hydrogen and Nitrogen is illustrated in the image. Which statement about this reaction is correct?

• The nucleus of nitrogen is being split to be able to form bonds with hydrogen.

• Protons are being transferred between nitrogen and hydrogen

• Electrons are being shared between nitrogen and hydrogen

• The nucleus of nitrogen is being fused with hydrogen to form a new compound.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

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Construct an explanation of how sodium and chlorine combine to form sodium chloride.

• Nonmetal sodium loses a valence electron to become a cation and chlorine metal gains a valence electron to become an anion. These ions then form an ionic bond through opposite attraction.

• Sodium metal loses a valence electron to become a cation and nonmetal chlorine gains a valence electron to become an anion. These then form a covalent bond through sharing valence electrons.

• Chlorine metal loses a valence electron to become a cation and nonmetal sodium gains a valence electron to become an anion. These ions then form a bond through sharing valence electrons.

• Sodium metal loses a valence electron to become a cation and nonmetal chlorine gains a valence electron to become an anion. These ions then form an ionic bond through electrostatic attraction.

Dangers in your home: knowing how to handle household products containing hazardous materials or chemicals can reduce the risk of injury. It is important to store household chemicals where children cannot access them. Remember that common products such as aerosol cans of hair spray and deodorant, nail polish and nail polish remover, toilet bowl cleaners and furniture polishes are hazardous materials. Sometimes using these products incorrectly can result in a dangerous situation.

Many household cleaners, particularly toilet cleaners and some drain cleaners have acid in them. This is the equation representing hydrochloric acid plus bleach. NaClO + 2 HCl→ Cl₂ + H₂O + NaCl Imagine you have just mixed the two seemingly non-toxic products, toilet bowl cleaner, and bleach to do a really thorough job in your bathroom. All of a sudden you feel dizzy and your eyes and nose are burning. Explain what has happened.

• You mixed the products in a confined space and there is not much oxygen left to breathe.

• By mixing the two, the chemical reaction released a product that is potentially toxic: chlorine gas.

• A chemical reaction occurred and you released sodium chloride into the air that caused your dizziness.

• When the NaClO decomposes during mixing, the excess oxygen in the air will produce dizziness.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

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What does a chemical change always result in?

• new substance

• new reactant

• increased activation energy

• precipitate

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Use the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence electrons for each of these elements. 

C (carbon)

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Use the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence electrons for each of these elements. 

O (oxygen)

• 8

• 7

• 6

• 5

• 4

Use the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence electrons for each of these elements. 

Ca (Calcium)

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Use the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence electrons for each of these elements. 

Cl (Chlorine)

• 8

• 7

• 6

• 5

• 4

Use the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence electrons for each of these elements. 

Ne (neon)

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

• 8

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1