FALKLAND ISLANDS United Kingdom Name: Falkland Islands Distance to the United Kingdom: 6,250 nautical miles Dates of Control: 1765–1767, 1771–1774, 1833–1982, 1982 to present Argentina Name: Islas Malvinas Distance to Argentina: 182 nautical miles Dates of Control: 1770–1881 (as Spanish Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata), 1829–1831 (Argentina, onward), 1832–1833, three months in 1982 Source: Britannica.com The Falkland Islands War took place in 1982 between Argentina and Great Britain, when Argentina’s military invaded the small British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. British forces reclaimed the islands after a short war. Using the information shown, which of the following geographic principles explains the conflict in the Falkland Islands?

A political independence movement against the ruling colonial power

Irredentism and the desire to form a nation-state

Overlapping claims of sovereignty

The establishment of territorial seas

Despite the rise of supranationalism in Europe from 1955 to 1993, the number of independent political entities increased. Based on a comparison of the two maps shown, which of the following processes occurred in Europe during that time period?

Devolution of large states into smaller nation-states

Cultural globalization reducing ethnic differences

Redistricting the internal boundaries of federal states

Territorial expansion of imperial states

The map shows the Taiwan Strait. Which of the following best explains the global geopolitical significance of the Taiwan Strait?

The Taiwan Strait is a militarily strategic chokepoint that China and Taiwan claim as territory.

The Taiwan Strait is a cultural boundary that separates populations of Chinese people who speak different languages.

The Taiwan Strait serves as a major international shipping route that serves large economies, such as South Korea, Japan, and the United States.

The Taiwan Strait creates an obstacle to trade between Taiwan and China and hinders the region’s economy.

Which of the following statements is helpful in explaining why Iran and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are able to assert some control over the export of oil from the Persian Gulf oil-production region?

Their location along the choke point of the Strait of Hormuz allows them to influence ship movement into and out of the Persian Gulf.

Both Iran and the UAE have coastlines along the Arabian Sea and thus have the easiest access to global markets.

Their close proximity to the large Asian markets of Japan and China give them an economic advantage over other OPEC countries.

As the founding members of OPEC, they hold the largest influence over OPEC policies and decisions.

Which of the following best explains the primary function of international political boundaries?

Boundaries limit sovereignty and determine the extent of a state's power within the global political system.

Boundaries define national identity and encourage a patriotism that make local cultures recognizable.

Boundaries limit international trade and improve regional economies within the country.

Boundaries promote international relations between neighboring states and encourage peace.

The photograph shows guards at the Truce Village of Panmunjom within the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that divides the Korea Peninsula into North Korea and South Korea. The DMZ border was agreed upon as part of Korean Armistice Agreement at the end of the Korean War in 1953. Which of the following best explains the effect of the DMZ on the Korean Peninsula as a culture region?

The Korean people are divided into a multistate nation that has a common heritage and ethnicity.

North and South Korea are divided into two distinct nations that have separate cultures and heritages.

North and South Korea constitute one sovereign state that have two separate regional governments.

North Korea is a semiautonomous region of South Korea that has self-governance over its military.

Residents of Maryland’s Third District could legally challenge the redistricting of the area shown on the map because they identify it as being

part of an autonomous region that limits the State of Maryland’s control over the district.

a sovereign boundary created to promote the establishment of an independent state

a maritime boundary that extends out into the waters of the Chesapeake Bay

a gerrymandered boundary that guarantees a political party’s seat within the United States House of Representatives

Which of the following describes a typical spatial relationship between federal and unitary states?

Unitary states tend to be smaller than federal states.

Federal states tend to be smaller than unitary states.

Unitary states tend to be more densely populated than federal states.

Federal states are more likely to be landlocked than unitary states.

Which of the following features is a common characteristic of unitary states?

A primarily agricultural society

Specific physical geographical features

Which of the following describes a unitary state?

A state in which government decisions are made at the national level and applied uniformly across the state

An ethnically homogeneous state where all citizens identify as members of the same nation

A state in which one leader and one party have complete political, economic, and social control

A state that is geographically contiguous with no fragmented land areas separated from the rest of the state

Which of the following statements accurately compares the processes of devolution and supranationalism that challenge the sovereignty of Canada?

Centrifugal forces are present in Quebec, whereas the free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico challenges the Canadian government’s independence on a national level.

Centripetal forces are present in Quebec, whereas the free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico is a centrifugal force on a national level.

Centripetal forces are present in Quebec, whereas the free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico challenges the Canadian government’s independence on a national level.

Centripetal forces are present in Quebec, whereas the free-trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico is a governance issue at the provincial scale.

Which of the following technological examples is best used to compare the effects of local-scale and global-scale political challenges to state sovereignty?

Cell phone use weakening corrupt governments

Laptop computers used by aid agencies in nation-building

Social media Web sites supporting supranational organizations

Internet filters restricting the spread of globalization

A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States?

Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons.

Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar growing seasons but different climates.

Customers have seasonal demands for different varieties of oranges.

Different varieties of oranges are grown for different markets.

Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown?

Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Extensive agriculture is practiced in a humid continental climate.

Plantation agriculture is practiced in a tropical wet climate.

Extensive agriculture is practiced in a tropical wet and dry climate.

Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards?

Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.

Both farming practices are used for tropical plantation crops grown on large estates with hired labor who plant and harvest crops.

According to von Thünen, both farming practices occur in the outermost areas of agricultural land.

According to land-rent theory, both farming practices are found on small farms and must be located close to markets.

Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown?

Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages

Long lot: nucleated linear settlements with all of the houses arranged along a road or river

Circular rural settlements: a ring of houses that surround a central open space for keeping livestock

Metes and bounds: irregular field patterns with clustered farmsteads in river valleys.

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication?

Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds.

Wheat was first domesticated in the foothills of the Himalayas because the tropical climate in the region is necessary to grow wheat.

Wheat was first domesticated in the Yellow River valley because vast floodplains are the best places to grow wheat.

Wheat was first domesticated in the Nile River valley because overharvesting of the wild form of wheat was causing a widespread famine.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange?

Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.

Grain crops such as wheat, oats, and barley were introduced to Europe as a result of interaction with indigenous people in the Americas. Prior to this, the only significant grain crops grown by Europeans were rice and corn.

Many new diseases were introduced to European colonizers when they began to explore the Americas. In particular, diseases like smallpox, influenza, and the measles decimated many of the early colonial populations.

Crops such as potatoes and tomatoes were introduced to the Americas. Prior to European contact, these crops had only been grown in Europe: potatoes primarily in northern Europe and tomatoes primarily in southern Europe.

Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America?

Banana plants were brought to Central America from Southeast Asia to be grown closer to markets in the United States and Canada.

Bananas were first domesticated in Central America and were later cultivated to be exported to the United States and Canada.

Bananas were first domesticated in Central America and then hybridized to grow in other climate zones around the world.

Banana plants were brought to Central America from sub-Saharan Africa to be grown closer to markets in the United States and Canada.

The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Which of the following best describes advances in the production of textiles during the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

The conversion from manual thread spinning to an industrial processing approach led to increased demand for raw cotton in the agricultural sector.

The mechanization of agriculture led to increasing numbers of people entering the agricultural workforce and expanding the amount of thread produced by farmers.

The hybridization of high-yield seeds led to an increase in production of cotton thread from the agricultural sector and more cotton fabric produced by manufacturers.

The genetic engineering of desirable traits in wool-yielding animals led to increased production of wool thread from the agricultural sector and more woolen fabric produced by manufacturers.

The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?

Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources

Excess production of grain products for which there is no market

Increase in the acreage used for agriculture that affects the open space surrounding villages

Collapse of the grain export market that results in farm foreclosures

Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries?

Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.

Farmers in less developed countries who had previously grown only one crop were forced to grow multiple crops, leading to increased production costs and fewer exports from less developed countries to more developed countries.

The increased demand for fertilizer in more developed countries, which was required for the new crop varieties, led to fertilizer shortages in less developed countries.

The overuse of expanded irrigation systems resulted in flooding and damage to export crops in less developed countries, which led to higher food prices in more developed countries.

Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries?

Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries.

Farmers in more developed countries experienced a dramatic increase in agricultural exports because of the free grain seeds provided by governments of less developed countries.

Farmers in less developed countries experienced increased profits from manufacturing and selling genetically modified seeds on the open market to more developed countries.

Farmers in less developed countries experienced a decrease in water pollution through the use of chemical fertilizers first used in more developed countries.

Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits?

Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product.

Grain farmers can quickly purchase multiple small dispersed plots of land away from an urban area when demand for wheat increases thus maximizing profits on inexpensive land.

Grain farming is an intensive farming practice that can yield profits by cultivating large areas of land close to an urban area for marketability of the product.

Grain farmers can diversify production by planting different cereal crops on small plots of land close to markets that enables rapid shipping of the product before the price drops.

Based on the map above, explain the degree to which lettuce production takes place in the United States

Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. Most lettuce is produced, processed, and packaged for sale in supermarkets that are a significant distance from where the product was grown.

Lettuce production in the United States is an example of subsistence farming. The only people who consume fresh lettuce are those who live near the production regions illustrated on the map.

Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming, but lettuce cannot be transported long distances because it is highly perishable.

Lettuce production is limited to colder environments. Lettuce has a tendency to wilt if it is cultivated in warm climates.

Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because farms must be located near the market because of high transportation costs for perishable products.

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because there is little arable land available in the climates where crops produced on plantations grow.

Plantation farming is considered to be an extensive farming practice because the amount of land required makes it too expensive to locate near to markets.

Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures?

Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of feedlots, increasing profits for the farmer.

Feedlots have a lower carrying capacity than grass pastures because feedlots are contained in a smaller space.

Cattle raised in feedlots command a higher price at market because of the time required to fatten the cattle using this method of production.

Raising cattle in feedlots requires more time to fatten cattle but results in lower-fat beef that is desirable to many consumers.

Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?

Farmers in Europe and the United States use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.

Farmers in the United States and Europe double-crop wheat for two harvests each year but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa produce only one crop each year.

Climate change made Europe and the United States more conducive to growing wheat than in sub-Saharan Africa.

Wheat became the highest-selling commodity for farmers in Europe and the United States pushing farmers from sub-Saharan Africa out of the local markets.

More developed countries tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?

Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency.

Government financing and improved technology lead to an increase in the number of small, family-owned farms.

Government financing and improved technology lead to a reduced risk of environmental pollution and fewer environmental regulations.

Government financing and improved technology lead to higher consumer prices for government-subsidized agricultural products.

Which of the following best explains the degree to which subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire cultivate the land?

While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.

Most farmers are subsistence farmers that use the slash-and-burn method of farming to produce corn for export.

Agriculture is the leading employment sector, and the majority of people labor as subsistence farmers producing potatoes for export.

Ranching of animals for export of meat products is the primary type of agriculture in this region due to the vast grassy plains that allow for easy grazing.

Agriculture is practiced at the local scale, and agricultural yields are measured at the national scale. Which of the following best explains why the concept of the global system of agriculture is helpful to geographers?

The concept helps geographers simplify and visualize a vast and complicated global supply chain.

The concept is most useful for predicting local productivity and market changes.

The concept is the best way to map out the environmental effects of agricultural land use.

The concept is a way to help countries that have become highly dependent on an export commodity.

In 2017, the United States exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States. Which of the following best explains this international supply chain?

United States and Mexican producers rely on each other’s market to sell certain beef products.

United States consumers prefer to purchase specialty products made from beef raised in Mexico.

Mexico depends on beef imports because domestic beef production is too low.

The United States and Mexico have an agreement to evenly exchange beef products.

Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern that results from irrigation in arid regions?

The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.

The high use of water for agriculture increases the price of water for people in urban areas.

The increased production that results from irrigation of the crop will lead to decreases in crop prices as the total crop harvested will be higher.

The decisions about how much water each landowner can use may become more difficult and a cause of conflict between urban and rural people.

Slash-and-burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?

Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.

There are long-term benefits to the tropical soil in the clearings from the increased exposure to the sun and the infusion of nutrients from the burned biomass.

Conservation efforts are in place that have largely stopped this practice, minimizing any environmental issues that might occur.

Tropical soil is damaged from the increased exposure to the sun, but there is a sharp increase in biodiversity that overrides any soil damage.

Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?

Irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.

Deforestation increases production but can damage natural habitats.

Terracing hillsides increases production but reduces water quality.

Shifting cultivation increases available farmland but damages habitats.

Which of the following statements best explains fair trade agriculture as shown for the products on the map?

A system where consumers in mostly more developed countries purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries, with the intent to reduce the disparity in income between different regions

A program in which the governments of the United States, European Union, and others agree to pay farmers in designated tropical countries a subsidy that would put them on the same financial footing

A governmental trade program in which one country serves as the sole producer of a product in a region, and another country agrees to purchase that good under a contract that sets as a fixed price for the goods sold

A program that subsidizes tropical plantation owners to expand the production and processing of export crops by using low-paid migrant workers, with the intent of raising investment from more developed countries

Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?

Countries with large percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture.

Places where subsistence farming is still practiced tend to have few women working in agriculture.

The Green Revolution enabled most women to stop working in subsistence agriculture.

Countries with large populations tend to have the most women working in agriculture, usually commercial agriculture.

The construction of makeshift housing in a country within the periphery, as shown in the photograph, is often the result of

an increasing number of industrial jobs available in a city without adequate housing

government housing projects that were neglected as a result of government corruption

too few schools and an increasing number of informal labor market jobs for children

an increasing number of service-sector jobs available only to workers who have been highly educated

AP Human Geography project

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Hard

Amandalisse Varela

Used 18+ times

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75 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 2 pts

The area shown with the dark shading is best identified as

a functional region

a regional free-trade zone

a stateless nation

a special economic zone

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Local and regional autonomous governments and a separatist militia group have been established within the Basque region shown on the map. How do these local and regional governments compare with the national governments of Spain and France?

Local and regional governments establish the foundations for new federal states within each of the larger independent states.

Local and regional governments stabilize local communities, aligning the communities with the objectives of the larger independent states.

Local and regional governments create the potential for conflict and act as a centrifugal force within the larger independent states.

Local and regional governments strengthen the unitary systems of government within the larger independent states.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 2 pts

South Sudan gained its independence in 2011, reshaping the boundaries of Sudan. Which of the following best explains the implications of the shaded area shown on the map in Darfur?

Like South Sudan, Darfur has gained its independence and is now a sovereign nation-state.

Devolution is likely in Sudan as the country is a multinational state with no distinct majority group.

Darfur is a region of ethnic difference and political instability where devolution is likely.

Devolution is likely in South Sudan as it is landlocked country with no distinct majority group.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The map shows the world’s newest country, South Sudan, formerly part of Sudan, and the Islamic region of Darfur, which is seeking some level of political autonomy within Sudan. In comparison with the east-west divide between Darfur and the rest of Sudan, which of the following centrifugal forces led South Sudan to seek independence from Sudan?

South Sudan wanted a larger share of productive oil resources located in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Sudan and South Sudan are home to one homogeneous nation in terms of religion and ethnicity.

Sudan established a military presence in the region of South Sudan following a referendum vote, prompting a conflict.

Sudan and South Sudan’s border is a transition zone between Africa’s Islamic northern region and the Christian and animist regions of sub-Saharan Africa.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In 1993 Belgium divided much of its internal government into three semiautonomous regions. Based on the data shown in the map, which of the following best explains the political divisions within Belgium?

Each region is separated from the others by physical barriers that impede communication and trade among regions.

Regions are delineated based upon the percent of population that speaks French as a first or second language.

Divisions are based on language, providing ethnic groups some self-governance and preserving Belgium as a federal state.

The population is evenly divided between French speakers and Flemish speakers.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Based on the map data, which of the following best explains a factor that has led to ethnic separatism in Belgium?

A multilingual society has emerged, with several languages being spoken by the overall population.

The populations of the three regions are not evenly balanced or equally distributed.

Many who speak French as their first language also speak Flemish, but few people who speak Flemish as their first language also speak French.

Many who speak Flemish as their first language also speak French, but few people who speak French as their first language also speak Flemish.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 2 pts

Which of the following identifies the primary building blocks of the world political map shown?

Nations

Multinational states

Independent states

Multistate nations

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The area shown with the dark shading is best identified as

Local and regional autonomous governments and a separatist militia group have been established within the Basque region shown on the map. How do these local and regional governments compare with the national governments of Spain and France?

South Sudan gained its independence in 2011, reshaping the boundaries of Sudan. Which of the following best explains the implications of the shaded area shown on the map in Darfur?

In 1993 Belgium divided much of its internal government into three semiautonomous regions. Based on the data shown in the map, which of the following best explains the political divisions within Belgium?

Based on the map data, which of the following best explains a factor that has led to ethnic separatism in Belgium?

Which of the following identifies the primary building blocks of the world political map shown?

Based on the information shown in the map, Nigeria can be identified as a

Despite the rise of supranationalism in Europe from 1955 to 1993, the number of independent political entities increased. Based on a comparison of the two maps shown, which of the following processes occurred in Europe during that time period?

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