Biology EOC Review

Dr. Castle is coming to Oak Park High School as a guest speaker on the topic of cancer. In Dr. Castle’s presentation she describes cancer as a disorder of the cell cycle. Dr. Castle explains that cells have a period of normal functioning, followed by a period of cell division. Hair cells and skin cells are examples of cells that are in a constant cell cycle known as meiosis. Before a parent cell, such as in hair or skin, can divide to form two daughter cells, the parent cell must first copy its DNA so that both daughter cells will have a set of DNA that is identical to the parent cell. In a cancerous cell, the period of normal functioning is reduced or eliminated so that the cell spends much of its time dividing to produce more cells. Dr. Castle ends her speech on cancer by describing how the cluster of cells that is rapidly dividing is known as a tumor.

In the above passage, one of Dr. Castle’s statements was untrue. Which of the following contains Dr. Castle’s incorrect statement as well as a correction to that statement?

• a) Incorrect Statement: Cancer is a disorder of the cell cycle.

  Correction of Statement: Cancer is a disorder that most often results from a bacterial i

• b) Incorrect Statement: Hair and skin cells go through a cell cycle known as meiosis.

  Correction of Statement: Hair and skin cells go through a cell cycle known as mitosis.

• c) Incorrect Statement: Before a parent cell, such as in skin or hair, can divide to form two daughter cells it must copy its DNA.

  Correction of Statement: A parent cell, such as in skin or hair, cannot copy its DNA and instead divides into two daughter cells that each contain half the DNA of the parent cell.

• d) Incorrect Statement: In a cancerous cell, the period of normal functioning is reduced so that the cell spends more of its time dividing.

  Correction of Statement: In a cancerous cell, the period of normal functioning is increased so that the cell spends less of its time dividing.

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A gene that affects dogs can control the pattern of spots on a dog’s coat. Dalmatians are known for a type of spotting on their coat that produces a pure black spot. Dalmatian-typed spotting is a dominant allele. Other hunting dogs are known for a type of spotting on their coat that produces a multicolored spot, or ticking. Ticking-typed spotting is a recessive allele.

A second gene that affects dogs controls the leg length and shape. Achondroplasia is a condition known to produce short, bowed legs (legs that curve outwards) in dogs. Achondroplasia results from the dominant allele. Without achondroplasia, a dog’s legs are longer and straight. Long and straight legs are from the recessive allele.

(D) is the allele for the dominant, Dalmatian-typed spotting; (d) is the allele for the recessive, ticking-typed spotting. (A) is the allele for the dominant, achondroplasia condition (short, bowed legs); (a) is the allele for the recessive condition of longer, straight legs.

A female dog is heterozygous for both Dalmatian-typed spotting and Achondroplasia. What will be the distribution of these two alleles in this dog’s gametes?

• a) 50% of gametes are DDaa; 50% of gametes are ddAA

• b) 25% of gametes are DA; 25% of gametes are Da; 25% of gametes are dA; 25% of gametes are da

• c) 25% of gametes are DD; 25% of gametes are aa; 25% of gametes are AA; 25% of gametes are dd

• d) 50% of gametes are DdAa; 50% of gametes are DDAA

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Human blood type is determined by codominant alleles. There are three different alleles, known as (IA), (IB), and (i). The (IA) and (IB) alleles are codominant, and the (i) allele is recessive.

A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood could potentially have offspring with which of the following blood types?

• a) Type A, Type B

• b) Type A, Type B, Type AB

• c) Type AB

• d) Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O

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The bison herd on Konza Prairie has begun to show a genetic defect. Some of the males have a condition known as rabbit hock in which the knee of the back leg is deformed. Scientists’ initial evidence suggests rabbit hock is a sex-linked gene that is recessive. Now, suppose that a male bison without rabbit hock (XR Y) mates with a female bison that is a carrier for rabbit hock (XR Xr). What is the probability of an offspring being a carrier of the rabbit hock condition?

• a) 0%

• b) 25%

• c) 50%

• d) 100%

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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is essential to all living things. DNA has been the subject of numerous scientific experiments because it is considered the universal code for all living things. Cells are the smallest basic unit of life and divide to form other cells, therefore DNA replication is crucial to conserving the genetic information in dividing cells. Which of the following descriptions of the DNA replication process are the most accurate?

• a) DNA replication is the process in which a segment of mRNA is produced using DNA as a template. This process is considered semi-conservative because one side of the DNA strand transforms directly into mRNA.

• b) DNA replication is the process in which DNA is produced using mRNA as a template. This process is considered conservative because the new DNA that is produced contains two new strands and the mRNA template strand is the original strand.

• c) DNA replication is the process in which a copy of DNA is produced using the original DNA as a template. This process is considered semi-conservative because each of the DNA molecules will contain one of the original strands and one of the new strands.

• d) DNA replication is the process in which a protein is made using DNA as a template. This process is considered conservative because the protein that is produced doesn’t use any material from the original strands of DNA.

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A team of scientists explored Yellowstone National Park, which is famous for its geysers. Geysers are hot springs where water occasionally boils which sends a tall column of water and steam into the air. A well-known geyser at Yellowstone is called Old Faithful. Scientists collected an organism at Site A. Upon microscopic analysis, scientists determined the organism was unicellular, had a cell wall without peptidoglycan and lacked a nucleus. The scientists most likely classified the organism into which one of the following kingdoms?

• a) Plantae

• b) Animalia

• c) Archaebacteria

• d) Fungi

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