AP EURO: Ch 14: Economic Expansion (unfinished)

Movement where land that was previously public became private; usually fenced off and used by landowners to experiment with crops.

• Enclosure Movement

• Crop Rotation

• Three-Field System

• Industrial Revolution

Portuguese word for "reconquest". It describes a period in medieval Spain and Portugal where a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors), who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century occurred.

• Reconquista

• Risorgimento

• Imperialism

• Jacquerie

Two-three masted sailing ship which gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in trade and exploration because it was highly maneuverable and required fewer crewmen to operate.

• Caravel

• Portuguese Armada

• Lusitania

• Reconquista

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Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sea after rounding the Cape of Good Hope while commanding a fleet of four ships in search of a new sea route to India in 1498 with the help of an Arab guide.

• Vasco da Gama

• Christopher Columbus

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Hernan Cortes

Italian explorer who explored the Atlantic and attempted to find a westward route to Asia across the Atlantic. He was very religious and wanted to spread Christianity to every part of the Earth.

During one of his most famous voyages, he believed he had found small islands off the coast of Asia and called the people he found there "Indians" because he thought he found India. However, he really just found part of the Americas.

• Christopher Columbus

• Vasco da Gama

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Prince Henry "the Navigator"

Spanish word for "conquerors"; armed Spaniards such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro who sought to conquer people and territories in the New World for the Spanish crown.

• Conquistadors

• Reconquista

• Huguenots

• Explorers

1494 treaty that settles competing claims to newly discovered Atlantic territories by giving Spain everything to the west (Americas) of an imaginary line town the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the East (anything beyond the Cape of Good Hope). It created two spheres of influence.

• Treaty of Tordesillas

• Congress of Berlin

• Edict of Nantes

• Union of Ultrecht

Portuguese explorer who planned and led a Spanish expedition to the east Indies across the Pacific Ocean. He discovered the Strait of Magellan (sea route to South America) and also achieved the first European navigation from the Atlantic Ocean to Asia.

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Hernan Cortes

• Christopher Columbus

• Francisco Pizarro

A large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology. They were ruled by Moctezuma II and during his reign, they were conquered by Hernan Cortez.

• Aztec Empire

• Inca Empire

• Tiwanaku Empire

• Maya Civilization