Quiz about Biology EOC Review Game

Question 1

The graph below shows the global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over Earth's recent history. Scientists agree that increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere have caused global temperatures to rise over time. Many species can only survive within a certain temperature range. For this reason, species that are unable to adapt to rising temperatures may eventually become extinct. A solution designed to preserve Earth's biodiversity could include

Accepted Answer

All of these

Answer

Reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere.

Answer

Supporting natural and artificial processes that extract carbon dioxide from the air.

Answer

Placing critically endangered species in climate-controlled environments.

Question 2

Glucose and oxygen are

Accepted Answer

Products of photosynthesis and reactants of cellular respiration.

Answer

Reactants of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Answer

Products of cellular respiration and reactants of photosynthesis.

Answer

Products of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Question 3

The embryonic developmental stages of five animal species are shown in the diagram below. The beginning developmental stages of all five species are very similar, including the presence of gills in each one. As they continue to develop, however, distinct differences become obvious. What does this imply about these species?

Accepted Answer

These species share a distant common ancestor.

Answer

These species all evolved from a single reptilian ancestor.

Answer

These species all have identical DNA sequences.

Answer

These species do not share any common ancestors.

Question 4

Genetic engineering is used in agriculture to create genetically modified organisms, such as crop plants that are more resistant to disease. Which of the following describes a possible risk of genetically modifying a crop species?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in the genetic diversity of the crop species

Answer

A decrease in the amount of pesticides that need to be used on the crop

Answer

An increase in the amount of the crop that is harvested each year

Answer

An increase in the ability of the crop species to survive harsh conditions

Question 5

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically different from their parents.

Answer

The rate of reproduction is slower.

Answer

Many more offspring can be produced.

Answer

There is a higher chance of genetic mutation.

Question 6

The diagram below shows the major processes that take place during the carbon cycle. During which of the following processes is carbon released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Respiration and combustion

Answer

Photosynthesis and combustion

Answer

Respiration and photosynthesis

Answer

Combustion and sedimentation

Question 7

Transcription and translation are important processes involved in gene expression. Which of the following is true about the products produced by these processes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces RNA molecules, whereas translation produces proteins.

Answer

Transcription produces DNA molecules, whereas translation produces proteins.

Answer

Transcription produces proteins, whereas translation produces RNA molecules.

Answer

Transcription produces RNA molecules, whereas translation produces DNA molecules.

Question 8

Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction. During this process, four daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell. The daughter cells produced through meiosis

Accepted Answer

Contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer

Contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer

Do not contain any chromosomes until after fertilization.

Answer

Contain twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 9

The diagram below shows a single bacterial colony before, shortly after, and one hour after exposure to an antibacterial gel. Which statement best explains why the antibacterial gel did not eliminate the entire bacterial colony?

Accepted Answer

Genetic diversity within the bacterial colony allowed some of the bacteria to survive the treatment and reproduce.

Answer

Exposure to the antibacterial gel caused some of the bacteria to become highly resistant to its effects.

Answer

Natural resistance to the antibacterial gel allowed most of the bacteria in the colony tosurvive the treatment.

Answer

Inconsistent application of the antibacterial gel caused some of the bacteria to receive a lower dose than others.

Question 10

A typical cell has different organelles that each have a unique function. For example, mitochondria produce energy, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins. Why do cells contain different organelles?

Accepted Answer

Different organelles interact as a system so that the whole cell can function as the basic unit of life.

Answer

Different organelles act independently of one another because each organelle can carry out all of the functions of a cell.

Answer

Different organelles act independently of one another so that the whole cell can function as the basic unit of life.

Answer

Different organelles interact as a system because each organelle can carry out all of the functions of a cell.

Question 11

Which of the following occurs during the mitosis stage of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus of a cell divides

Answer

A cell's chromosomes line up and exchange parts of their DNA

Answer

Haploid daughter cells called gametes are formed

Answer

A cell's chromosomes are duplicated

Question 12

The chart below shows several species found in a pond ecosystem and the pH levels in which the species can survive. The normal pH of the pond is 6.5. If the pH of the pond fell to 5.0 due to acid rain, which of the species shown in the chart would most likely survive?

Accepted Answer

Trout

Answer

Snails

Answer

Bass

Answer

Clams

Question 13

An error during DNA replication caused one base pair to be substituted for another in a strand of DNA. This substitution is known as

Accepted Answer

A mutation.

Answer

A codon.

Answer

An allele.

Answer

A genotype.

Question 14

A food web for an aquatic ecosystem is shown below. Which of the following correctly describes one of the paths through which energy flows in this ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Puffins receive energy from herring, herring receive energy from krill, and krill receive energy from phytoplankton.

Answer

Phytoplankton receive energy from krill, krill receive energy from jellyfish, and jellyfish receive energy from sea turtles.

Answer

Mussels receive energy from copepods, copepods receive energy from phytoplankton, and phytoplankton receive energy from krill.

Answer

Lobsters receive energy from codfish, codfish receive energy from herring, and herring receive energy from krill.

Question 15

The individual strands of a rat's hair can either be agouti (banded) or non-agouti (solid). This is determined by a single gene locus. Agouti fur (A) is dominant to non-agouti fur (a). Two rats mate and have offspring. Half of the offspring have agouti fur, and the other half have non-agouti fur. Which of these most likely represents the genotypes of the parent rats?

Accepted Answer

Aa x aa

Answer

AA x aa

Answer

Aa x Aa

Answer

aa x aa

Question 16

Which of the following is necessary in order for natural selection to act on a population?

Accepted Answer

Selective pressures that favor certain individuals

Answer

Decrease in diversity through genetic drift

Answer

Asexual reproduction through mitosis

Answer

Equal chance of survival for all individuals

Question 17

A student sliced a potato into six thick slices. She placed three of the slices into a bowl of distilled water and the other three slices into a bowl of water with a very high salt concentration. After 30 minutes, the student removed the potato slices from the bowls and observed that the slices that were submerged in distilled water looked and felt about the same as they did before being placed in the water. The potato slices that were submerged in the saltwater, however, looked shrunken in size and were much more flexible than they were before she placed them in the bowl. The student concluded that the cells that made up the potatoes that were submerged in saltwater must have lost water, causing the cells to shrink and lose turgor pressure. What cellular process caused thewater to move out of the potato cells and into the saltwater solution?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 18

A town is built near a rainforest. The nearby rainforest consists of a very diverse population of plants and animals. The people in the town discover that many of the trees in the rainforest can be cut down, processed, and sold as lumber. Continuous logging by the people from the town eventually results in a decrease in the overall biodiversity of the rainforest because many of these trees previously provided shelter and food to organisms living in the rainforest. A conservation group wants to help the town come up with a plan to restore the stability and biodiversity of the rainforest while still maintaining the town's logging operation. Which of these would be best to include in the plan?

Accepted Answer

Replanting trees in areas where logging has taken place

Answer

Bringing livestock in to graze in cleared areas

Answer

Using cleared areas for crop production

Answer

Introducing invasive species that are better able to withstand logging

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between a cell and a virus?

Accepted Answer

Cells can undergo division to reproduce, whereas viruses must use a host for reproduction.

Answer

Cells make their own energy through photosynthesis, whereas viruses must metabolize nutrients for energy.

Answer

Cells can infect other cells to cause disease, whereas viruses are typically not pathogenic.

Answer

Cells use nucleic acids that encode their genetic instructions, whereas viruses never contain nucleic acids.

Question 20

What is the primary difference between organisms in the clade of eukaryotes and organisms in the clades of archaea and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Only bacteria and archaea have cell walls

Answer

Only bacteria and archaea are photosynthetic

Answer

Only eukaryotes are unicellular

Question 21

A small population of a specific plant species is found in a grassland habitat. Each plant bears flowers that are either white or dark purple. The color of the plant's flowers does not affect the plant's chance of survival or its reproductive success. A wildfire that occurs in the habitat kills all of the plants with dark purple flowers, as well as many of the plants with white flowers. This causes the gene for dark purple flowers to be lost from the population. Which of the following processes caused the loss of the gene for dark purple flowers from this population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Answer

Speciation

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Natural selection

Question 22

A certain stream ecosystem has clean, good quality water. A diverse community of aquatic organisms live in this ecosystem. Some of these populations are highly sensitive to pollution, others are tolerant to some levels of pollution, and a few thrive in polluted, poor quality water. A table listing some of the species in this ecosystem and their tolerance to pollution is shown below. Suppose an accidental spill from a wastewater plant upstream caused the water in this ecosystem to become highly polluted. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Some populations would increase in size, but the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem would decrease.

Answer

Some populations would decrease in size, but the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem would increase.

Answer

Most populations would increase in size, causing an overall increase in the biodiversity of the ecosystem.

Answer

Most populations would decrease in size, but the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem would stay the same.

Question 23

One of the basic principles of genetics is that the alleles for a given trait are not inherited with the alleles for another trait. This explains why two cats that are heterozygous for the traits of hair length and agouti (banded) coloring can have a kitten with any combination of these traits. That is, a cross between these two heterozygous cats could result in a kitten with long-haired agouti fur, short-haired agouti fur, long-haired non-agouti fur, or short-haired non-agouti fur. The example above describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Law of independent assortment

Answer

Law of dominance

Answer

Theory of evolution

Answer

Law of segregation

Question 24

The table below lists how many wolves can be supported by the resources available per 100-square mile portion of a particular forest habitat. Which of the following factors would most likely cause an increase in the wolf population in the forest?

Accepted Answer

An increase in the number of available dens for shelter

Answer

A decrease in the area of available forest

Answer

A decrease in the number of deer available as prey

Answer

An increase in the number of available water sources

Question 25

What process has occurred when two populations of the same species become reproductively isolated from one another and independently evolve to the point that they can no longer interbreed?

Accepted Answer

Speciation

Answer

Genetic drift

Answer

Coevolution

Answer

Biological resistance

Question 26

Which of the following correctly matches a property of an organic molecule with how that property helps the organic molecule function in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are insoluble in water. This allows lipids that make up biological membranes to regulate the entry and exit of many substances.

Answer

Nucleic acids contain multiple carbon-hydrogen bonds. This allows nucleic acids to provide energy for living organisms by breaking these bonds.

Answer

Proteins contain nucleotides that encode genetic material. This allows proteins to accurately pass genetic information from one cell to another.

Answer

Carbohydrates lower the activation energy of certain reactions. This allows metabolic processes to take place at a rate that can sustain life.

Question 27

A cell divides through mitosis, creating two daughter cells. Which of the following is true about the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

The daughter cells are genetically identical both to each other and to the parent cell.

Answer

Both daughter cells are unique and genetically different from the parent cell.

Answer

One of the daughter cells is identical to the parent cell, but the other is genetically different from the parent cell.

Answer

The daughter cells are identical to each other, but they are genetically different from the parent cell.

Question 28

A small population of lake trout were introduced into a lake ecosystem. The graph below shows how the population changed from when it was introduced to four years after its introduction into the ecosystem. Which of the following most likely occurred at year 1?

Accepted Answer

The population reached its carrying capacity.

Answer

The ecosystem doubled in size due to excessive flooding.

Answer

The ecosystem experienced an extreme drought.

Answer

A new population that preyed on lake trout was introduced.

Question 29

Which of the following do all species classified in the eukaryotic clade have in common?

Accepted Answer

Their cells all contain a membrane-bound nucleus.

Answer

They are all able to move around their environment.

Answer

Their cells all have a rigid cell wall.

Answer

They are all able to perform photosynthesis.

Question 30

Which of the following would increase the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The formation of a new species through speciation

Answer

An invasive species outcompeting and replacing a native species

Answer

The rapid extinction of an existing species

Answer

A large increase in the population size of an existing species

Question 31

Fruit color in tomatoes is determined by a single gene. The allele for red fruit (R) is dominant to the allele for yellow fruit (r). The Punnett square below shows a cross between two tomato plants. What percentage of the offspring resulting from this cross would be expected to produce red fruit?

Accepted Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Question 32

An example of meiotic cell division is shown below. In the diagram, genetic material is shaded according to the parent from which it was inherited. Based on the diagram, which processes contributed to the genetic diversity of the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment and crossing over

Answer

Crossing over and cytokinesis

Answer

Cytokinesis and differentiation

Answer

Differentiation and independent assortment

Question 33

A farmer sprayed his crops with an insecticide multiple times to reduce the damage caused by a certain species of insect. Each time the farmer used the insecticide, fewer insects died. Why did the insecticide kill fewer insects each time it was used?

Accepted Answer

Insects in the population that were resistant to the insecticide lived and reproduced.

Answer

None of the insects in the initial population were resistant to the insecticide.

Answer

Insects in the population that were resistant to the insecticide were killed and could not reproduce.

Answer

All of the insects in the initial population were resistant to the insecticide.

Question 34

Transcription and translation are the two processes involved in protein synthesis. During transcription, DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of a cell. Messenger RNA then moves into the cytoplasm, where it attaches to a ribosome and is translated into a protein. Which statement best describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids that correspond to the codons on mRNA are brought to the ribosome by tRNA.

Answer

After reading the codons on tRNA, the ribosome delivers and attaches amino acids to the mRNA.

Answer

Numerous tRNA molecules are joined together by mRNA to form a protein.

Answer

Transfer RNA makes an identical copy of the base sequence on mRNA.

Question 35

Genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) have included corn crops engineered to produce a natural pesticide to kill a certain insect which would normally destroy the corn. The benefits include a larger corn crop, because the destructive influence of the insects is lowered. What might be one negative result of growing this specific GMO?

Accepted Answer

The insects could grow resistant to the pesticide in the genetically-modified corn and become immune to regular pesticides.

Answer

The natural pesticide could get into the soil and kill the next corn crop.

Answer

The genetically-modified corn would require more water to produce enough pesticide to fend off the insects.

Answer

All of the insects could disappear, allowing the corn crop to grow too large.

Question 36

The diagram below shows the forelimb structure of three different species. While the forelimb of each species is adapted for a particular function, the same bone structures are present in each one. What does this indicate about the species?

Accepted Answer

They share a common ancestor.

Answer

They are the result of genetic drift.

Answer

They are adapted to live in similar environments.

Answer

They are genetically similar enough to interbreed.

Question 37

The cell membrane serves many functions. One of the cell membrane's functions is to help the cell maintain homeostasis. Which of the following statements best supports this claim?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane regulates what goes in and out of the cell.

Answer

The cell membrane contains proteins.

Answer

The cell membrane contains a polar region and a nonpolar region.

Answer

The cell membrane contains phospholipids.

Question 38

According to the theory of endosymbiosis, a symbiotic relationship developed between anaerobic cells that engulfed aerobic bacteria. Gradually, the bacteria evolved into eukaryotic organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Which of the following is a true statement that supports the theory of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

The inner membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble the plasma membranes of prokaryotes.

Answer

Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain linear chromosomes, similar to the chromosomes found in the nucleus of eukaryotes.

Answer

All mitochondria and chloroplasts are much larger in size than the largest prokaryotes.

Answer

The ribosomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in structure to ribosomes found in eukaryotes.

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