Chapter 7 Review

What causes most coastal pollution in the United States?

• industrial waste and sewage
• lakes and ponds
• temperature changes
• overfishing

Swamps are commonly found on

• forest clearings
• bottoms of ponds or lakes
• rocky hillsides
• flat, poorly drained land

In the _____ zone, life is diverse and abundant.

• eutrophic
• benthic
• plankton
• littoral

What mainly distinguishes nekton from benthos?

• One swims freely and the other often lives attached to a hard surface.
• One lives in the ocean and the other only lives in lakes.
• One is a predator and the other is a primary producer.
• One lives in a freshwater ecosystem and the other lives in salty water

The arrangement of organisms in the open ocean is determined by the

• distribution of zooplankton.
• amount of nutrients and sunlight that are available.
• size of the benthic zone, where photosynthesis occurs.
• increase in salt content from shallow to deep waters.

Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of

• volcanic activity that is common in tropical marine environments.
• the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals.
• the gradual accumulation and fusion of skeletons of bony fish.
• minerals that are washed from land ecosystems and build up.

Why doesn’t photosynthesis occur in deep ocean water?

• The water temperature is too cold.
• There is no sunlight.
• There are not enough nutrients.
• The salinity level of the water is too high.

Fish are a type of ____________________, or free-swimming, organisms.

• plankton
• nekton
• benthos
• limnetic

Aquatic organisms are grouped by location and by their _____________

• digestive system
• adaptations
• eating patterns
• size

Wetlands act as filters or sponges because they absorb and remove _______________ from the water that flows through them.

• nutrients
• oxygen
• plankton
• pollutants