Unit 1 (wk1-3)

Louis Pasteur sterilized nutrient broth inside flasks with bent necks. He then allowed some flasks to sit undisturbed whereas he tipped some of flasks so the nutrient broth touched the dust that accumulated in the bent necks. Why did he do this?

• To demonstrate the process of Pasteurization

• To demonstrate that organisms could not spontaneously generate themselves

• To demonstrate that pathogens can be grown under specific laboratory conditions

• To isolate certain fungi that eventually led to the discovery of Penicillin

Who, with his rudimentary microscope, observed microorganisms and coined the term “Animalcules?"

• Joseph Lister

• Robert Koch

• Louis Pasteur

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

You discover a new microbe while working on a lab project. The microbe is taken to a lab that specializes in placing organisms in their correct phylogenic niche. In order to determine its evolutionary relatedness to other microbes, the lab carries out_________.

• Small Subunit rRNA analysis

• microscopic analysis

• biochemical tests

• DNA fingerprinting

Small internal cell structures are best visualized with a_________. 

• light-field microscope

• dark-field microscope

•   transmission electron microscope

•   flagellar microscope

The term used to describe bacteria that are rod-shaped is _________.

•   coccus

•   bacillus

•   vibrio

•   coccobacillus

Twitching motility involves _________.

•   peritrichous flagella

•   periplasmic flagella

•   type IV pili

•   monotrichous flagella

_________ are hollow tube-like structures that hold some archaeal daughter cells together after cell division while _________ are grappling hook-like structures that appear to attach archaeal cells to surfaces.

•   Pili; hami

•   Cannulae; hami

•   Hami; fimbriae

•   Cannulae; pili

A fundamental difference between bacterial and archaeal membranes is that_________. 

•   bacterial membranes are always comprised of phospholipid bilayers, whereas archaeal membranes can be bilayers or monolayers

•   the phospholipids in archaea are comprised of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids vs. two fatty acids in bacteria

•   archaeal membranes must be able to solidify due to the extreme habitats the organisms occupy

•   archaeal membranes have a hydrophobic exterior and a hydrophilic interior vs. the reverse in bacterial membranes

A complete virus particle is called a_________. 

• capsid

• nucleocapsid

• virion

• cell

 Agar is an excellent solidifying agent for microbiological media because_________.

•   it is not degraded by most microorganisms

• v  solid agar remains solid until the temperature is raised to 90°C, and liquid agar remains liquid if the temperature is lowered to 45°C

•   it is not degraded by most microorganisms and solid agar remains solid until the temperature is raised to 90°C, and liquid agar remains liquid if the temperature is lowered to 45°C

•   agar provides an excellent source of nutrition for a variety of different microorganisms