What tools did scribes use to write in cuneiform?

feather with ink & brown parchment

What do the following laws from Hammurabi's Code reveal about life in his empire? (Law 196: If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. Law 198: If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. Law 199: If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value.)

Consequences were unequal and based on the social class of the victim.

Someone charged with a crime would be harmed the same way as the victim.

Hammurabi was very concerned about the safety of enslaved people.

Everyone was protected equally under the laws in the Babylonian Empire.

Why is Hammurabi considered an important figure in world history?

He made one of the oldest written law codes.

He created one of the earliest versions of the wheel.

He invented one of the first writing systems.

He was the original god of writing and scribes across Mesopotamia.

What are some of the protections granted to the Mesopotamians by Hammurabi’s Code that still exist in laws today?

right to a fair trial, right to a minimum wage, and innocence until proven guilty

freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom to petition the government

freedom to vote in elections, freedom to vote if age 18 or older, and freedom to vote in privacy

right to life, right to liberty, and right to property

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of a barter system?

One person trades lumber to another person for clothing.

A person uses coins to buy food from a farmer.

Two people bid against each other to buy glassware at an auction.

A person stores their money with a banker for safety and security.

How did irrigation lead to the growth of civilization in Mesopotamia?

It helped produce a surplus of food.

It stopped droughts from happening in the area.

It made it easier to navigate along the rivers.

It protected property and fields from flooding.

Cuneiform was most often carved into clay tablets with metal tools by scribes. Many tablets were fired in kilns to provide a permanent record, or they were recycled if permanence was not needed. Many of the clay tablets found by archaeologists were preserved because they were accidently fired during attacks when buildings that stored them burned. Which of the following statements can you infer from the text?

C. Clay tablets were the most popular surface for keeping records

A. Mesopotamians never used paper

B. Mesopotamians used clay tablets and paper for writing

D. All clay tablets were fired in a kiln to make them permanent

The Epic of Gilgamesh” is one of the oldest stories in recorded history that tells the tale of the Mesopotamian King of Uruk. …I will proclaim to the world the deeds of Gilgamesh. This was the man to whom all things were known; this was the king who knew the countries of the world. He was wise, he saw mysteries and knew secret things, he brought us a tale of the days before the flood. He went on a long journey, was weary, worn out with labor, returning he rested, he engraved on a stone the whole story. When the gods created Gilgamesh they gave him a perfect body. Shamash the glorious sun endowed him with beauty, Adad the god of the storm endowed him with courage, the great gods made his beauty perfect, surpassing all others, terrifying like a great wild bull. Two thirds they made him god and one third man… Based on the passage, you can infer that Mesopotamians were:

B. Polytheistic, or believed in multiple gods

A. Monotheistic, or believed in just one god

Why was the pharaoh considered the most important leader in ancient Egypt?

The people believed that the pharaoh was a god.

The people elected the pharaoh to serve as their ruler.

The pharaoh prepared soldiers to serve in the military.

The pharaoh was the wealthiest person in ancient Egypt.

What was the primary reason for mummification in ancient Egypt?

The belief that a person’s body must still exist so the spirit can go to the afterlife.

Doctors would use the body parts of mummies for organ donations and transplants.

Medical students would practice performing surgeries on mummies.

Mummies were valuable as decorations and could be sold for a lot of money.

Why were the pyramids filled with gold, jewelry, and other valuable possessions of the pharaoh?

The pyramids were storage areas for these materials so the pharaoh’s spirit could enjoy them in the afterlife.

The pyramids were banks that circulated the pharaoh’s extra money into the Egyptian economy to help all Egyptians.

The pyramids were museums that preserved and displayed Egyptian history for educational purposes during ancient times.

The pyramids were the most important palaces of the pharaoh and were used to impress leaders from other civilizations.

Why is Tutankhamun considered an important figure in world history?

His tomb was rediscovered in the 20th century with his mummy and valuable Egyptian artifacts.

He became a pharaoh at a young age around 9 years old and died at a young age.

He united Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt and served as the first pharaoh in Egyptian history.

He used canes throughout his life, as hundreds were discovered in his tomb.

Why did ancient Egypt expand its territory and become an empire during the New Kingdom?

The Egyptians feared future invasions and wanted to block all possible routes.

The Egyptians needed to expand their population to increase taxes.

The Egyptians wanted to bring their religion to new lands and convert people.

The Egyptians were ruled by the most famous pharaohs in their history.

Below are four true statements about slavery in classical Athens. Which of these statements would the image on the vase best support?

Enslaved people often had to do physical labor

Enslaved people were often sold away from their families

People were often enslaved after being captured in wars

Many enslaved people were freed after their owners died

Classical Athens has been written about in many different ways over the last 2,500 years. After the American Revolution (1775–1783), many people wondered what the new country of the United States could learn from classical Athens. The passages below come from two people who lived during and after the American Revolution. Read the passages. Then answer the question below.The Athenians grew more and more warlike [as they] became more democratic. I [don't need to tell] you [about] the foolish wars into which the people forced their wisest men and ablest generals, against [the generals'] own judgments.John Adams, Letter to John Taylor, 1814.ablest:best. judgments: opinions. What Athens was in miniature, America will be in magnitude. [Athens] was the wonder [of] the ancient world—[America] is becoming the admiration and wonder of the present.Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man, 1792.in miniature:on a small scale. in magnitude:on a large scale Based on these passages, which of the following statements is true?

Paine believed that both ancient Athens and the United States should be admired

Adams and Paine agreed that the United States was nothing like ancient Athens

Adams and Paine agreed that ancient Athens was a good model for the United States

Adams thought the ancient Athens was a peaceful place like the United States

Only two years after Philip II united Greek city-states in the League of Corinth, he was assassinated, or murdered. Historians are not sure why he was killed, although many people believe it had something to do with his first wife, Olympias, who was Alexander's mother. Pausanias, Philip II's bodyguard, had been treated unfairly by Philip II's relatives. Philip II refused to do anything, so Pausanias killed him. Most of the blame for the murder fell on Olympias for encouraging Pausanias in his anger and even urging him to get his revenge. But some of the blame was on Alexander, too. Some people said that Pausanias complained to Alexander, who told Pausanias tokill Philip II and his relatives. Which of the following details about Philip II's murder are supported by this ancient historian? Select all that apply.

Olympias my have told Pausanias to kill Phillip II

Alexander may have been involved in the murder plan

Philip II was killed by his bodyguard

Philip II was killed by Alexander

Why do historians refer to a period of ancient Greek history as the Dark Age?

There are no available written records about historical events.

Authors and playwrights created sad literature and entertainment.

Electricity was not available, so all activities had to stop during nighttime.

The moon blocked the sunlight during an hour-long solar eclipse each day.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a peninsula?

a land form that is mostly surrounded by water

a landform that is completely surrounded by mountains

a landform that releases lava, ash, and gas

a landform that is slightly smaller than a continent

What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae during the Persian Wars?

The Persian victory inspired the Greeks after the outnumbered Spartans and their allies bravely fought to the death.

The Greek victory led to the Peace of Callias and the treaty between the two civilizations ended the Persian Wars.

The Greek victory resulted in the death of King Xerxes and weakened Persian leadership for the rest of the war.

The Persian victory ended democracy in Athens when Greece was forced to surrender and join the Persian Empire.

How did the Assembly work in Athenian democracy?

The Assembly debated and voted on laws and other decisions.

The Assembly built and repaired government buildings and temples.

The Assembly served on juries and gave judgment on court cases.

The Assembly set the agenda for all government meetings.

Why did the Greeks establish several colonies around the Mediterranean Sea?

They wanted to increase their wealth through trade and support their growing population.

They wanted to discover new locations to resettle prisoners of war from other civilizations.

They wanted to explore other areas of the world and find an alternate travel route to Asia.

They wanted to set up factories in remote areas that would not interfere with the daily lives of citizens.

Which of the following statements best explains how the geography of China affected civilization?

Travel and communication were difficult between the regions of China and it was isolated from other civilizations.

The Great Wall of China included roads at the top of the structure that connected all of the major cities in the civilization.

Monsoons refilled the water supply in China’s major rivers each year and allowed the people to grow many crops.

Natural barriers made it easier for the Chinese government to maintain control over its massive territory.

Why did Qin Shi Huangdi order his people to build the Great Wall of China?

The Great Wall would defend China against invasion from the Xiongnu.

The Great Wall would be a military facility to train recruits joining the army.

The Great Wall would be a national monument dedicated to the Chinese people.

The Great Wall would protect merchants as they traveled along the Silk Road.

How did the Silk Road change the ancient world? Check all that apply (3)

Western civilizations gained access to materials such as ceramics, gunpowder, paper, silk, and tea from China

The trade network also led to the spread of knowledge, languages, religions, and diseases across cultures and continents

China gained access to materials such as glass, gold,horses, rugs, and wool from the west

Western civilizations gained access to materials such as ceramics, gunpowder, paper, silk, and tea from India

Western civilizations gained access to materials such as glass, gold,horses, rugs, and wool from the east

What similarity in the geography of India, Egypt, and Mesopotamia allowed all three ancient civilizations to support large populations?

They were all located near rivers.

They were all located in deserts.

They were all located around forests.

They were all located by mountains.

How did the subcontinent affect civilization in ancient India?

The subcontinent was surrounded by natural barriers, which separated it from other civilizations.

The subcontinent was next to the Indian Ocean, which was the most important freshwater source.

The subcontinent was a small area of land, which led to overcrowding in early cities.

The subcontinent was at the tip of South Asia, which resulted in freezing cold temperatures.

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61 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

“The rulers during the Shang Dynasty believed in the god and ghost. Whenever they took up a task, they felt the need to predict their fortune by seeing the shape of the cracks on burned tortoise shells or bones. The prediction dates, person's names, affairs predicted and even the results were all carved on the tortoise shells or animal bones.” The quote above describes ancient Chinese people’s use of _____________________

Chariot

Jade

Oracle Bones

Hinduism

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What were the two physical features that bordered Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia?

Euphrates River & Nile River

Euphrates River & Tigris River

Mediterranean Sea & Persian Gulf

Taurus Mountains & Zagros Mountains

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 3 pts

The rivers' water levels depended on the amount of rain at their source in east Asia Minor. Which are outcomes of the rivers' water level? Check all that apply (3)

Too much water would cause floods that would destroy crops and property

Too little water would cause floods that would destroy crops and property

Too little water would cause drought and lead to starvation

Too much water would cause drought and lead to starvation

Just the right amount of water would fertilize the soil for agriculture

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How did people successfully farm in the dry climate of Mesopotamia?

They made canals to transport water from the rivers to their fields.

They dug holes outside of their cities to find and collect groundwater.

They built early versions of humidifiers to convert moisture into liquid.

They used the large amounts of rainfall in the area to grow their crops.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The belief in multiple gods or goddess

monotheistic

polytheistic

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the name of one of the oldest written stories in world history, which is about a superhuman king who fights demons for glory and wants to live forever?

Cyrus Cylinder

Epic of Gilgamesh

Hammurabi’s Code

Tablet of Ashurbanipal

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 3 pts

Zoroastrians ideas, such as monotheism and moral behavior influenced which of the 3 main world religions. Check all that apply

Buddhism

Christianity

Islam

Hinduism

Judaism

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Final Review #1

61 questions

What were the two physical features that bordered Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia?

The rivers' water levels depended on the amount of rain at their source in east Asia Minor. Which are outcomes of the rivers' water level? Check all that apply (3)

How did people successfully farm in the dry climate of Mesopotamia?

The belief in multiple gods or goddess

What is the name of one of the oldest written stories in world history, which is about a superhuman king who fights demons for glory and wants to live forever?

Zoroastrians ideas, such as monotheism and moral behavior influenced which of the 3 main world religions. Check all that apply

Which of the following images shows an example of cuneiform?

Which group of people was responsible for creating one of the first versions of the alphabet?

What tools did scribes use to write in cuneiform?

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