AP Psych. Learning

research and inception of observational and cognitive learning by noting children copying behavior modeled by adults such as hitting a toy clown when frustrated, thus challenging the narrow views of behaviorists such as Watson and Skinner

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandara

• Ivan Pavlov

research on latent (hidden or unintentional) learning such as retracting your steps

• Edward Tolman

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura

operant conditioning, research on how reinforcers and punishments can shape behavior

• Robert Rescorla

• Edward Thiorndike

• Albert Bandura

• B.F Skinner

law of effect, behaviors that followed by favorable consequences became more likely, unfavorable, less likely, influenced Skinner

• Robert Rescorla

• Edward Thorndike

• Albert Bandura

• Edward Tolman

taste aversion research, noted rats avoiding food after being made feel nauseous after eating (irradiation)

• John Garcia

• Ivan Pavlov

• Robert Rescorla

• Edward Thorndike

coined behaviorism, Baby Albert, loud noises and furry animals, lost job at John Hopkins due to affair, and worked in advertising, starting the American coffee break

• Edward Thorndike

• B.F. Skinner

• John B. Watson

• Albert Bandura

research on classical, extinction re-training, and learned helplessness

• Ivan Pavlov

• John B. Watson

• Edward Thorndike

• Robert Rescorla

classical conditioning noted the tendency of dogs to associate a bell with food and begin salivation after conditioning them

• Ivan Pavlov

• Robert Rescorla

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura