Quiz about Topic - 1 Foundations of ESS

Question 1

Leaching of soil nutrients is an example of

Accepted Answer

Transfer of materials

Answer

Transformation of energy

Answer

Transfer of energy

Answer

Transformation of materials

Question 2

The second law of thermodynamics states that in any

Accepted Answer

isolated system, entropy tends to increase spontaneously

Answer

open system, entropy tends to increase spontaneously

Answer

isolated system, entropy tends to decrease spontaneously

Answer

closed system, entropy tends to decrease spontaneously

Question 3

The population of carp in a small lake is estimated to be 7000 fish. Each year an average of 1000 die or are removed, and 3000 are recruited. What is the sustainable yield?

Accepted Answer

2000

Answer

9000

Answer

5000

Answer

6000

Question 4

Which substances are needed to produce organic matter by photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

Sugars and carbon dioxide

Answer

Carbon dioxide and water

Answer

Oxygen and water

Question 5

Read the following sentences and answer TRUE or FALSE:

It is practically impossible to have isolated systems

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 6

Which EVS argues that the saving the environment cannot happen at the expense of the economy?

Accepted Answer

Technocentric

Answer

Both anthropocentric and technocentric

Answer

Anthropocentric

Answer

Ecocentric

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that defines an ecocentric EVS.

Accepted Answer

Discussion and debate leads to informed community agreements on environmental solutions.

Answer

A less materialistic approach to life.

Answer

Greater self-sufficiency of local communities.

Answer

Educating the public on biorights of flora and fauna.

Question 8

The earth and its atmosphere are considered

Accepted Answer

an open system because occaisionally meteorites hit our planet's surface.

Answer

a closed system because occaisionally meteorites hit our planet's surface.

Answer

an open system because sunlight and heat cross its boundary

Answer

a closed system as only sunlight and heat cross its boundary

Question 9

An ecosystem that is being influenced by positive feedback is a system that is

Accepted Answer

unstable

Answer

at static equilibrium

Answer

stable

Answer

at steady state

Question 10

Which energy source is unsustainable?

Accepted Answer

Fossil fuels

Answer

Wind

Answer

Solar

Answer

Geothermal

Question 11

Conductivity measurements are used to measure the level of heavy metal pollution infiltrating into the groundwater from a lead mine's waste rock pile.

Accepted Answer

This is a indirect measurement of a point source pollutant

Answer

This is a indirect measurement of a non-point source pollutant

Answer

This is a direct measurement of point source pollutant

Answer

This is a direct measurement of non-point source pollutant

Question 12

An Environmental Value System (EVS) can be viewed as a system as it has inputs, outputs and feedback machanisms. Correctly select examples of inputs and outputs from the following examples:

I. Personal decisions

II. Education

III. Personal action

IV. Personal experiences

V. Media

Accepted Answer

Inputs: II, IV, V - Outputs: I, III

Answer

Inputs: I, II, IV - Outputs: III, V

Answer

Inputs: I, III, V - Outputs: II, V

Answer

Inputs: II, V - Outputs: I, III, IV

Question 13

Rachel Carson is famous for

Accepted Answer

All of these

Answer

starting the modern environmental movement

Answer

making the public aware of the dangers of using DDT as a pesticide in her book 'Silent Spring'.

Answer

helping scientists study and understand biomagnification of toxins in food webs

Question 14

In a system where sunlight is warming up a rock to a point that the rock is warmer than the air around it and releases heat back to the air,

Accepted Answer

heat is the output of energy from the rock.

Answer

sunlight is the output of energy from the rock

Answer

heat stored in the rock is matter

Answer

heat is the input of energy to the rock

Question 15

An example of a transformation process of only matter is

Accepted Answer

ice melting into water

Answer

burning wood releasing heat

Answer

A deer digesting grass

Answer

sunlight converted to heat

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of sustainable development?

Accepted Answer

Reduce consumption, improve the efficiency of developments to reduce pollution and switch to renewable energies.

Answer

Find more fossil fuels to make fuel cheaper.

Answer

Build more roads to improve transportation systems.

Answer

Build larger cities so more people can move in from the countryside.

Question 17

Which of the follow could be considered a natural source of pollution?

Accepted Answer

Volcanic ash

Answer

An oil spill

Answer

Plastic collecting in the ocean

Answer

Chemical fertilizer in runoff from fields

Question 18

An example of particulate air pollution is

Accepted Answer

smoke from burning wood

Answer

carbon monoxide from vehicle emission

Answer

radon

Answer

tropospheric ozone

Question 19

The secondary pollutant in this list is

Accepted Answer

acid deposition

Answer

nitrogen dioxide from vehicle emissions

Answer

sulfur dioxide from burning coal

Answer

hot water released from a factory

Question 20

An Environmental Value System (EVS) is a worldview that shapes the way an individual, or group of people, perceives and evaluates environmental issues, influenced by

Accepted Answer

All of these

Answer

religious contexts

Answer

cultural contexts

Answer

economic contexts

Question 21

The capacity of a system to self regulate is generally increased by

Accepted Answer

the presence of negative feedback

Answer

low energy inputs into the system

Answer

the presence of positive feedback

Answer

energy outputs greater than energy inputs into the system

Question 22

A bird disease spread in a pigeon population, resulting in the deaths of 95 % of the pigeons in one year. The following year, a survey of the same area showed that only 10 % of the remaining population had the disease.

Why did the disease affect fewer birds in the second year?

Accepted Answer

Density-independent factors cause negative feedback

Accepted Answer

Density-dependent factors cause negative feedback

Accepted Answer

Density-dependent factors cause positive feedback

Accepted Answer

Density-independent factors cause positive feedback

Question 23

Which of the following lists only includes examples of natural capital?

Accepted Answer

Trees, fish and sunshine

Answer

Lumber, fish and energy from wind

Answer

Trees, fishing and mining coal

Answer

Forests preventing erosion, employment due to fishing and electricity from solar panels

Question 24

A pH meter is used to determine the impact of acid rain produced from a coal firing station generating electricity by burning coal.

Accepted Answer

This is a direct measurement of point source pollutant

Answer

This is an indirect measurement of non-point source pollutant

Answer

This is an indirect measurement of point source pollutant

Answer

This is a direct measurement of non-point source pollutant

Question 25

Which of the following is/are needed to calculate gross primary productivity?

I. Energy fixed by photosynthesis

II. Energy lost by respiration

III. The biomass gained by heterotrophic organisms

Accepted Answer

I only

Accepted Answer

III only

Accepted Answer

I and III

Accepted Answer

II only

Question 26

Read the following sentences and answer TRUE or FALSE:

An airplane while flying can be considered a closed system

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 27

Static equilibrium is defined as

Accepted Answer

the system not changing at all over time

Answer

the system returning to the same equilibrium after a disturbance

Answer

the system returning to a new equilibrium after a disturbance

Answer

a system that has continuous inputs and outputs of energy and matter that may experience fluctuations over the short term, but has no long term changes

Question 28

The Ecological Footprint (EF) considers which of the following?

I. The land and water area needed to produce the products we use.

II. The amount of land and water needed to absorb the waste we produce.

III. The technology and resource management practices we use.

Accepted Answer

I, II, III

Answer

II, III

Answer

I only

Answer

I, II

Question 29

Using the Ecological Footprint calculation (EF), when did the world's EF exceed what the earth's land mass could provide?

Accepted Answer

1970s

Answer

1960s

Answer

1990s

Answer

1980s

Question 30

Preventing land from development by setting it aside as a nature preserve (National Park) in order to preserve biodiversity for the future is an example of which Environmental Value System (EVS)?

Accepted Answer

Ecocentric

Answer

Technocentric and anthropocentric

Answer

Technocentric

Answer

Anthropocentric

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of a technocentric value system (EVS).

Accepted Answer

Subsidizing the development and instalation of cheaper and more efficient solar panels.

Answer

Government's imposing a carbon tax on burning fossil fuels.

Answer

Educating the public on biorights of species in the Amazon rainforest.

Answer

Increasing fines for polluters

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of an anthropocentric value system (EVS)

Accepted Answer

The UN Rio Earth Summit agreement on international sustainable development

Answer

The Green Revolution introducing modern farming equipment to south Asia.

Answer

Planting genetically modified golden rice to improve rice production in south east Asia

Answer

Earth First protestors chaining themselves to trees to prevent logging.

Question 33

Which disaster encouraged Germany and other nations to stop generating electricity with nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

The 2011 Fukushima Daiihi disaster in Japan

Answer

The 1984 Bhopal disaster in India

Answer

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico.

Answer

The 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Russia

Question 34

A lake with a stream flowing into it, but water lost only by evaporation is an example of

Accepted Answer

an open system

Answer

a closed system

Answer

an integrated system

Answer

an isolated system

Question 35

Inputs to a closed system may be

Accepted Answer

neither energy nor matter.

Accepted Answer

energy and matter

Accepted Answer

matter only.

Accepted Answer

energy only.

Question 36

This is a famous example of which type of feedback?

Accepted Answer

Negative Feedback

Answer

Critical feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Question 37

Which of the following are inputs into a closed system?

Accepted Answer

Energy only

Answer

Matter and energy

Answer

Matter only

Answer

Heat only

Question 38

Which of the following is least likely to be an open system?

Accepted Answer

A sealed aquarium in a classroom

Answer

An ocean canyon at 6000 m depth

Answer

A submarine

Answer

A deep underwater cave.

Question 39

Read the following sentences and answer TRUE or FALSE:

All living systems on this planet are open systems

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 40

An example of a transfer process of only energy is

Accepted Answer

Warm lake water keeping plants close to it from freezing at night

Answer

A rabbit eating grass

Answer

A river moving sand into a lake

Answer

A burning candle emitting light

Question 41

Who argued that the Earth is a planet-sized organism and the atmosphere is its organ that regulates it and connects all its parts.

Accepted Answer

James Lovelock in the 'Gaia Hypothesis'

Answer

E. Fritz Schumacher in 'Small is Beautiful'

Answer

Al Gore in an 'Inconvenient Truth'

Answer

Rachel Carson in Silent Spring

Question 42

An ecosystem that has continuous inputs and outputs of energy and matter that may experience fluctuations over the short term, but has no long term changes is

Accepted Answer

at steady state

Answer

at static equilibrium

Answer

stable

Answer

unstable

Question 43

Which form of equilibrium cannot occur in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Static

Answer

Steady state

Answer

Stable

Answer

Unstable

Question 44

Which factor will decrease the resilience of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Decreased biodiversity

Answer

Greater genetic diversity

Answer

More interactions between species

Answer

Larger populations

Question 45

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aesthetic values of an ecosystem can be considered natural capital.

Answer

The ozone layer is a form of non-renewable natural capital.

Answer

Only items with economic value can be considered natural capital.

Answer

The flood and erosion control carried out by trees are considered their sustainable yield.

Question 46

Resources that have a sustainable yield equal to their natural productivity are

Accepted Answer

renewable natural capital.

Answer

replenishable natural capital.

Answer

natural income.

Answer

non-renewable natural capital.

Question 47

Read the following sentences and answer TRUE or FALSE:

Ocean circulation systems are driven by differences in temperature and salinity.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 48

What is the purpose of a baseline assessment in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

Accepted Answer

To collect data on ecosystem quality before project development

Answer

To monitor the the environmental impact of the development

Answer

How to reclaim the development when it is not needed and decomission it

Answer

To present mitigation strategies that minimize the environmental impact of the development

Question 49

Which continent has the most countries whose Ecological Footprint is less than 1 earth?

Accepted Answer

Africa

Answer

Asia

Answer

North America

Answer

South America

Question 50

The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) , funded by the UN reported in 2005 that _____ % of the world's ecosystems were degraded?

Accepted Answer

60

Answer

80

Answer

20

Answer

40

Question 51

According to the UN's Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), how much of the world's land surface is being cultivated for agriculture and grazing?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

10%

Answer

20%

Answer

50%

Question 52

According to the UN's Millenium Ecosystem Assessment report released in 2005, which of the following would help us live more sustainably on the planet?

Accepted Answer

All of these

Answer

Larger parts of the world need to be protected from development, especially in the oceans.

Answer

Stop subsidizing agriculture, fisheries and energy sources that harm the environment.

Answer

Landowners need to manage property in ways that enhance the supply of ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and the generation of fresh water

Question 53

Which of the following is most likely a potential point source of pollution?

Accepted Answer

A volcanic eruption releases so much dust into the eartth's atmosphere to cool global temperature by 2 degrees.

Answer

Coniferous trees on the side of a highway are dying from increased acid depostion due to traffic emissions.

Answer

Increased soil erosion due to extensive logging in the Amazon rainforest.

Answer

High levels of tropospheric ozone are measured at a busy intersection on a sunny day.

Question 54

Lichen grow on trees are an indicator species of air quality in a forest near an airport.

Accepted Answer

This is a indirect measurement of non-point source pollutant

Answer

This is a direct measurement of point source pollutant

Answer

This is a indirect measurement of point source pollutant

Answer

This is a direct measurement of non-point source pollutant

Question 55

Read the following sentences and answer TRUE or FALSE:

Determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration uses a direct method to identify a non-point source pollutant

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 56

The primary pollutant in this list is

Accepted Answer

mercury pollution of rivers from gold mines

Answer

ground level ozone

Answer

acid rain

Answer

eutrophication

Question 57

DDT, mercury and lead are examples of

Accepted Answer

primary non-biodegradable pollutants

Answer

secondary biodegradable pollutants

Answer

primary biodegradable pollutants

Answer

secondary non-biodegradable pollutants

Topic - 1 Foundations of ESS

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