AP Euro Vocab #3

Lateran Agreement

• A 1929 agreement that recognized the Vatican as an independent state, with Mussolini agreeing to give the church money for public support

• War reparations agreement that reduced Germany's yearly payments

• Peace treaty signed between the Central Powers and Russia that ceded Russian territories containing 1/3 of Russia's population

• The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything to the east

League of Nations

• The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primarily of representatives of the third estates

• The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states

• The economic, cultural, and political alliance of 27 European nations

• A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris peace conference, designed to protect member states from aggression

Logical Positivism

• A label given to the artistic and cultural movements of the late 19th and and early 20th centuries

• A philosophy that sees meaning in only those beliefs that can be empirically proven

• A secular, critical way of thinking in which nothing was to be accepted on faith and everything was submitted to reason

• A term used by Communist leaders to describe the socialist accomplishments of their societies

Luddites

• A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans

• Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power

• Group of handicraft workers who attacked whole factories in northern England

• The laboring poor of Paris,so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the aristocracy and middle class

Maastricht Treaty

• The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states

• The 1919 peace settlement that ended war between Germany and the Allied powers

• Peace treaty signed in March 1918 between the Central Powers and Russia that ceded Russian territories

• The 1819 peace settlement that ended war between Germany and the Allied powers

Marshall Plan

• An economic organization of communist states meant to help rebuild eastern Europe under Soviet auspices

• An anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments

• Soviet-backed military alliance of eastern European nations

• American plan for providing economic aid to western Europe to help it rebuild after WWII

Meiji Restoration

• The restoration of Empress Meiji in China

• The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan

• The restoration of the Chinese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of China

• The reaction to the Opium Wars

Mercantilism

• Spanish merchants' system of violently taking over a land and then enslaving natives in order to export raw materials

• A belief in free trade and competition based on Adam Smith's argument

• A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each millet enjoying self government

• A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state through increasing its supply of silver and gold

Millet System

• A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into farming communities enjoying autonomous self-government

• The Spanish system of placing viceroyalties in their American colonies

• An effort by moderate socialists to update Marxian doctrines to reflect the realities of the 20th century

• A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities enjoying autonomous self-government

Mines Act of 1842

• English laws that outlawed unions and strikes

• English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls as well as for boys under ten

• A series of English laws that controlled the import of goods to Britain and British Colonies

• English law that led to a sharp decline in the employment of children by limiting the hours that children over nine could work in the mines