Models of Sustainability (IB ESS)

Which of the following is NOT one of the three pillars of sustainability?

• Environmental

• Economic

• Technological

• Social

The Planetary Boundaries model identifies boundaries to maintain a safe operating space for humanity. Which of the following is one of those boundaries?

• Ocean salinity

• Global temperature increase

• Industrial pollution

• Urbanization

In the Doughnut Model, the area between the social foundation and the environmental ceiling represents:

• Unsustainable practices

• A safe and just space for humanity

• Economic growth

• Environmental degradation

What does the circular economy aim to do?

• Maximize waste production

• Create a linear production process

• Promote recycling and reuse of materials

• Focus solely on profit maximization

Which of the following best describes an ecological footprint?

• A measure of the amount of carbon emissions produced by an individual

• The total area of land and water required to produce the resources consumed by an individual or population

• The amount of waste generated by an individual in a year

• A measure of biodiversity in a specific area

Which sustainability model emphasizes the interdependence of social, economic, and environmental factors?

• Circular Economy Model

• Doughnut Model

• Planetary Boundaries Model

• Linear Economy Model

What is a key feature of Citizen Science?

• It only involves professional scientists.

• It engages the public in scientific research and data collection.

• It is limited to urban environments.

• It does not require any formal training.

The Butterfly Diagram in the Circular Economy illustrates:

• The movement of waste in a linear economy.

• The process of recycling and the flow of materials.

• The impact of climate change on biodiversity.

• The differences between social and environmental indicators.

What is a limitation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

• They are universally applicable to all countries.

• They often lack specificity in measurement and implementation.

• They promote economic growth at the expense of the environment.

• They only focus on environmental issues.

What do sustainability indicators help policymakers do?

• Create marketing strategies for products.

• Measure and track progress towards sustainability goals.

• Evaluate the effectiveness of advertising campaigns.

• Ignore public opinion on environmental issues.