AP Biology Unit 7 Review

New traits arise from ​ (a)   .

• random mutations
• the need to survive
• evolution
• natural selection

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EVO-1

Match the following types of mutations to their descriptions.

• Deletion

• Additional nucleotides are added to the DNA strand; causes a frameshift mutation.

• Silent

• A change to one nucleotide results in one different amino acid in a polypeptide.

• Nonsense

• Nucleotides are removed from the DNA strand; causes a frameshift mutation.

• Insertion

• A change to one nucleotide results in early termination of a polypeptide.

• Missense

• A change to one nucleotide results in no changes to the amino acids in a polypeptide.

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EVO-1

A marsupial species found only in Australia has evolved to eat tree leaves, be diurnal, and raise its young until they are of reproductive age. A grazing placental mammal in Africa has also evolved to eat tree leaves, be diurnal, and raise its young until they are of reproductive age.

This is an example of which of the following types of evolution?

• divergent evolution

• species-specific evolution

• convergent evolution

• neutral evolution

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EVO-1

Match the following terms to the most related phrase.

• Homologous structures

• A result of drastic reduction in population size, such as the reduction of the California Condor population to 9 individuals

• Analogous structures

• One result of evolution from a common ancestor; exhibited by certain structures with similar features having different functions

• The bottleneck effect

• Results in a new population with a limited gene pool, often seen when a smaller population is separated from a larger population

• The founder effect

• Features that have evolved independently to serve a similar function but do not represent evolutionary relatedness

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EVO-1

Genetic variation in bacterial populations is introduced in several ways. Select the one process that will NOT introduce genetic variation in bacteria.

• transduction

• transformation

• conjugation

• meiosis

Answer explanation

Meiosis is how multicellular organisms create gametes for sexual reproduction.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually.

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EVO-1

Reorder the following Levels of Classification from BIGGEST to smallest.

• Order

• Kingdom

• Class

• Phylum

• Family

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EVO-1

Label each graph with the type of selection it shows.

a

b

c

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

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2 populations of a species are separated by a mountain range and therefore, unable to interbreed. What does this demonstrate?

• mechanical isolation

• geographical isolation

• gametic isolation

• temporal isolation

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EVO-1

Darwin's theory of ​ (a)   is also called "survival of the fittest" where fitness refers to the ​ (b)   success of an organism. An organism's traits may be good or bad depending on its ​ (c)   .

• Natural Selection
• reproductive
• environment
• lifespan

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EVO-1

Sympatric evolution occurs when a new species arises in the same area as an existing ancestral species. Which of the following can lead to sympatric speciation?

• A small number of individuals migrate to a geographically remote area

• A natural disaster cuts off contact between members of a population

• A flood causes a new river to form, separating segments of a population

• A mutation event results in offspring that are fertile tetraploids

Answer explanation

Sympatric "same country."

All of the other examples involve geographic isolation which is allopatric speciation.

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EVO-1