Unit 8 Review P1-3

Nutrient runoff can cause algal blooms in waterways. Which genetically modified organisms could help reduce algal blooms?

• pigs that are modified to have more fat

• cows that are modified to require less feed

• corn that is modified to be resistant to herbicides

• soybeans that are modified to make their own insecticide

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Embryo transfer is a type of biotechnology. It is used in the breeding of cattle, sheep, and goats. It allows an embryo to be transferred from the natural mother to a different female. This allows the natural mother to produce many more offspring than she otherwise could. What is the most likely reason that a particular female would be selected to be the natural mother that produces many embryos to be transferred to other females?

• She has a desirable trait.

• She has had other offspring.

• She has recovered from an illness.

• She has donated other tissues successfully.

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?

• water

• fertilizer

• herbicide

• insecticide

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Some varieties of soybeans have been genetically modified. They have been changed so that they do not die when a particular herbicide is sprayed on a field. How would this genetic modification improve the soybean crop?

• It would enable the crop plants to kill nearby weeds directly.

• It would protect the crop when farmers sprayed for harmful insects.

• It would allow farmers to eliminate weeds that compete with the crop.

• It would increase the fitness of the crop plants and improve their growth.

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A transgenic organism is one that contains genes from a different species. Research scientists create transgenic organisms, but do not usually decide whether or not they can be released into nature. Those decisions are usually made by government officials. Which statement BEST explains why government officials have this responsibility?

• Government officials are often required to get feedback from the public before making these types of decisions.

• Government officials are usually more knowledgeable about the science behind these types of decisions.

• Research scientists seldom consider how decisions about transgenic organisms might affect natural ecosystems.

• Research scientists are only concerned about how transgenic organisms will affect the environment, not how they will affect humans.

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Golden rice is a transgenic plant that produces rice with high levels of vitamin A. The rice would help people improve the nutrition in their diets. However, some people are concerned about the effects the transgenic rice might have on native plants. Which words best characterize these concerns?

• practical and economic

• economic and ecological

• ecological and ethical

• ethical and practical

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Scientists have been able to insert genes from a spider into the genome of a domestic goat. When the goat matures, it produces milk that contains a protein found in spider webs. This protein can then be extracted and used to make strong but lightweight materials for bulletproof vests, automobiles, and aircraft. The change does not cause the goat any pain, but some people think that it is not right to add genes from the genome of one animal to another. Which word best describes this concern?

• economic

• Biological

• ethnical

• practical

By inserting a gene from a firefly into a plant, scientists have made a plant that glows in the dark. This practice raises some concerns about transgenic organisms. Which of the following is an ethical concern?

• Genes from these plants may be transferred to native plants through pollination.

• Genes from these plants may not be fully functional over the lifetime of the plant.

• These plants may not live as long as natural garden plants.

• These plants may cost more than natural garden plants.

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Which statement correctly describes a way that bacteria are used in biotechnology?

• Bacteria make human cells that make insulin.

• Human insulin made by bacteria is injected into humans.

• Bacteria that make insulin are implanted in humans.

• Human insulin coding bacterial genes are spliced into human cells.

A farmer who lives in a cold northern climate would like to plant a genetically modified crop. She is interested in producing a high-nutrition crop. She also wants to reduce her use of pesticides. Which of the following combinations of traits listed in the table would BEST meet the farmer’s needs?

• Traits 1, 3, and 5

• Traits 1, 2, and 4

• Traits 3, 4, and 7

• Traits 2, 4, and 6

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