Grace and Zack - Cognitive Approach Key Studies

Which study supports the Working Memory Model?

• Landry and Barton (2011)

• Milner (1966)

• Loftus and Palmer (1972)

• Kulkofsky et al (2011)

The aim of Brewer & Treyens (1981) was to:

• To investigate if using a leading question would influence an eyewitnesses estimation of speed. 

• To see how memory of story is affected by previous knowledge

• Study the role of schema in encoding and retrieval of episodic memory.   

• To conclude if false memories of autobiographical events can be created through the power of suggestion

Which study used HM to investigate the role of the hippocampus?

• Milner (1966)

• Kulkofsky et al (2011)

• Baddeley and Hitch (1976)

• Neisser and Harsch (1992)

The aim of Neisser & Harsch (1992) was to:

• To determine if false memories of autobiographical events can be created through the power of suggestion.

• To determine whether ‘flashbulb memories’, memories are subject to distortion.

• To investigate the influence of how a decision problem is framed (framing bias) on decisions in risky scenarios.

• To see if there was any difference in the rate of flashbulb memories in collectivistic and individualistic cultures. 

The aim of Baddeley & Hitch (1976) was to:

• To study the role of the hippocampus in memory.

• To see the effect of matching bias based on the question that was asked.

• To see the extent to which anchoring bias affects people’s decisions.

• To investigate if participants can use different parts of working memory at the same time.

This theory states that we have 3 stores for memory depending on capacity and duration of the memory (sensory, short-term, long-term):

• Multi-Store Memory Model

• Working Memory Model

Schemas are mental categories of things that we associate with one another 

• True

• False

This theory states that there are 3 main components of how people process and store short-term memories - central executive, phonological loop, and the visuospatial sketchpad:

• Working Memory Model

• Multi-Store Memory Model

Flashbulb memories are dull, non-relevant memories.

• True

• False

Which study originally theorized the schema theory?

• Wason (1968)

• Talerico and Rubin (2011)

• Bartlett (1932)

• Milner (1966)