Balance: review

Which compartments have a high level of sodium ions?

• interstitial and intracellular

• interstitial and intravascular

• intracellular and intravasular

In which condition would there be reduced total body water and an increased osmolarity?

• hemorrhage

• aldosterone hypersecretion

• dehydration

The most common cause of hypernatremia is:

• dehydration

• excessive sweating

• aldosterone hypersecretion

A "crushing injury" in which there is a sudden hyperkalemia will produce ___________ in the excitable cells.

• more excitability

• less excitability

Which will occur if body pH is too low?

• kidneys excrete bicarbonate

• lungs excrete more CO2

• the bicaronate buffer system equation shifts to the right

Which leads to hyperpolarization of excitable cells?

• alkalosis

• acidosis

To compensate for respiratory acidosis, the kidneys will:

• restore normal pH within seconds

• increase secretion of bicarbonate ions

• increase hydrogen ion secretion

Loss of acidic gastric secretions can cause a metabolic aklalosis that can be compensated for by:

• hyperventilation

• hypoventilation