The demographic transition is a general model that seeks to explain

how differences in birth and death rates result in natural population change

the relationship between the size of age cohorts and natural population change

how variations in population size and food supply can lead to periods of crisis

the effects of changes in population size on the gross domestic product

variations in population size, population migration rates, and the rate of natural increase

Which of the following statements best describes how the epidemiologic transition affects the demographic transition?

Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause death rates to fall in stage 2 of the demographic transition.

The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 1 of the demographic transition, causing a fluctuation in birth and death rates.

Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause birth rates to fall in stage 3 of the demographic transition.

The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 4 of the demographic transition, causing a slowing of the rate of natural increase.

The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 5 of the demographic transition as famines and wars cause a total population decline.

Which of the following is a limitation of the map of Hispanic population percentage?

The small size of urban counties in the eastern United States masks the significance of the Hispanic population in most eastern cities.

Larger county sizes in the western United States mask the significance of the Hispanic population in most western counties.

States with the largest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states.

States with the smallest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states.

The pattern shown is not different than the pattern of early Hispanic settlement during the era of colonization.

Which of the following best describes the roles of women in the rural, agricultural economies of sub-Saharan Africa?

Nonwage workers on small, family-run farms

Salaried workers in large-scale commercial agriculture

Hourly workers in seasonal migratory farm work

Landowners of export-oriented farms

Drivers and operators of agricultural equipment

In 1798 Thomas Malthus argued that populations grew exponentially while food supplies grew arithmetically. Consequently, Malthus argued that food shortages would develop until famine and other checks slowed population growth. What statement correctly explains why Malthus’ prediction did not come true in 1800s Europe?

Urbanization resulted in smaller household sizes, and the mechanization of agriculture increased food production.

Immigration to Europe and the abolition of slavery resulted in a more productive agricultural labor force.

Rising education levels among women and increased numbers of single-person households reduced fertility and the demand for food.

Antinatalist population policies placed limits on the number of children per family and reduced the demand for food.

Global trade in manufactured food products increased the food supply and offset the demand for food.

According to the von Thünen model, which of the following economic factors determine the pattern of land use shown on the diagram?

Costs of labor, transport, and land rent

Accessibility of railroads and highways

Size and distribution of urban populations

Adoption of new farming technique

Type of transportation and land rent

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals do not mention population growth, but most of the goals will affect population growth. Which of the following statements correctly explains a link between the Sustainable Development Goals and population growth?

Economic development strategies make it possible to support larger families.

Reducing infant mortality rates can lead to a desire to have a smaller family.

Reducing poverty and hunger increases population growth as it makes larger families possible.

Gender equality and empowering women leads to fewer women in the paid labor force.

Combating communicable diseases and improving maternal health means more potential mothers survive and have additional children.

Which of the following forms of agriculture would best be described as extensive farming?

Cattle ranching and wheat farming

Citrus production and vineyards to produce table grapes

Truck farming and hothouses to produce vegetables

Floral horticulture and tree nurseries

What is the likely impact of the numerical change by 2050 of the total population on the eventual shape of Japan’s population pyramid?

Because of low birth rates over many years, the 2050 population pyramid will likely be an inverted pyramid.

Since the impact will be gradual over a 40-year period, the 2050 population pyramid likely will not change.

Because of low birth rates over many years, by 2050 Japan will likely attain a column-shaped population pyramid.

Owing to the large numbers of pregnancies in the growing reproductive-age cohorts, in 2050 the population pyramid will likely have the shape of a pentagon.

Because of an increasing death rate due to an older population, in 2050 the population pyramid will likely have the shape of an equilateral triangle.

Which of the following best explains a possible limitation of the trends assumed from the population pyramid and estimates in the data table?

Decreasing populations may cause an economic decline, prompting many citizens to emigrate to other more developed countries and decreasing the working-age cohorts.

A period of war followed by a baby boom, similar to that of the 1940s and 1950s, is likely to occur within a generation, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.

Modernization of health-care systems may result in improvements in women’s health and pregnancy and result in more children being born, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.

Labor shortages may cause the government to reduce the legal barriers to immigration, and immigrant populations could increase the working-age cohorts.

Production efficiencies gained from computerization and robotization of manufacturing may free parents from long work hours and result in more time to have additional children, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.

What changes could local governments, businesses, and corporations make to reverse Japan’s national birth patterns?

Adding low-cost or zero-cost infant day care and preschool centers to allow mothers to return to the workforce

Decreasing transportation costs to allow workers to commute from locations farther outside of densely populated urban centers

Reducing the time off allowed for maternity leave and incentivizing working mothers to return to the workforce

Enforcing a two-child policy for all families, requiring a minimum of two children per family to become eligible to receive school services and work benefits

Increasing access to family planning clinics and making doctor’s office visits free for women patients

Christianity has expanded through repeated patterns of relocation diffusion to spread to the Americas. Which of the following explains the impacts of this diffusion on Christianity in the Americas?

The repeated relocations have resulted in a wide diversity of Christian religious beliefs and practices.

The repeated relocations have resulted in a single form of Christian religious beliefs and practices.

The repeated relocations have resulted in a decline in the size of the Christian population.

The repeated relocations have resulted in a single ethnic Christian population.

The repeated relocations have resulted in a small number of ethnic Christian populations.

Which of the following best describes the role of the federal state in a country’s political organization?

To act as an overarching government for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose

To act as a system of defense that protects subnational states from threats emerging outside of the country’s international borders

To act as a single centralized economy for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose

To act as a strong centralized administration that eliminates the need for self-governing subnational or local governments

To act as a virtual public-service provider that eliminates the need for self-governing subnational or local governments

Which of the following best explains the significant difference in North Africa’s demographic data from the rest of the African continent and North Africa’s closer similarity to global demographic data?

North African improvements in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time.

North African declines in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.

North African investment in transportation and energy sectors has reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time.

Foreign investment in North Africa’s transportation and energy sectors has resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.

North African business losses in transportation and energy sectors have resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.

Which of the following explains the degree to which deindustrialization and the rise of service economies have affected population and income across scales in Detroit and in the state of Michigan overall?

Loss of manufacturing and related service-industry jobs has affected the Detroit area, but there has been a small improvement in service-industry income growth in other parts of the state.

Loss of manufacturing and related service-industry jobs and income has affected communities equally across the state.

Loss of manufacturing and related service-industry jobs has affected many communities across the state, but there has been some improvement in service-industry employment in the city of Detroit.

Loss of manufacturing and related service-industry jobs has affected the Detroit metropolitan area, but the city of Detroit has experienced service-industry income growth.

Loss of manufacturing and related service-industry jobs has affected the city of Detroit, but the Detroit metropolitan area has experienced service-industry income growth.

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea.

Greece controls most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Turkey controls most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Turkey and Greece share control of most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.

Turkey controls all access from the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea.

Greece controls all access from the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea.

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea. Question If Greece and Turkey adopted the UNCLOS system and expanded their territorial seas to 12 nautical miles, as shown in Map 2, which of the following scenarios best explains the resulting geographic pattern?

Greece would be required to guarantee the right of passage for ships transiting from the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea.

International ships transiting from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea would only be able to sail in Turkey’s coastal waters.

Black Sea countries like Bulgaria would have to ship goods by land through Europe or Russia to participate in international trade.

Greece would only guarantee right of passage to ships from other European Union countries due to the open border policy.

Turkey would be forced to join the European Union in order to participate in international trade and benefit from the open border policy.

In 1982 the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established freedom-of-navigation rights and defined territorial waters as a 12-nautical-mile limit from the coast where individual states have political and economic sovereignty. However, Greece and Turkey still only claim a 6-nautical-mile territorial sea. Question If Greece and Turkey adopted the UNCLOS system and expanded their territorial seas to 12 nautical miles, as shown in Map 2, which of the following would be true for a Turkish-owned oil tanker sailing into Greek territorial waters?

The ship and its cargo would be confiscated for violating a United Nations treaty

The ship could be sunk by the Greek Navy for entering Greece’s territorial waters

The ship would be charged tolls for sailing through Greek canals and internal waterways.

The ship would be ordered by a Greek naval blockade to turn away as it is considered a threat.

The ship could be stopped by Greece’s Coast Guard for safety and environmental inspections.

Since 2000, people in the largest category of international migrants seeking asylum in a different country are best described as

individuals fleeing conditions of armed conflict

families looking for employment opportunities

women seeking higher-education opportunities

youths seeking seasonal farm employment

men seeking construction or energy-sector jobs

Which of the following best explains the degree to which the Human Development Index (HDI) accurately calculates a country’s level of economic development?

Although the HDI factors in gross national income per capita, it also calculates the impact of exports and imports on the domestic economy.

The HDI is a simplified means of comparing gross national income per capita in an indexed score that is on a 0 to 1.0 scale.

The HDI is a simplified means of combining life expectancy and education levels in an indexed score that is on a 0 to 1.0 scale.

Although the HDI factors in gross national income per capita, it also calculates indicators for health care and education to estimate the social aspects of development.

The HDI is a simplified means of ranking countries into distinct levels of development based on the total size of a country’s national economy

Which of the following occurs when the cities in a country follow the rank-size rule?

The largest city is two times the population of the next-largest city

There are two large cities with similar population sizes.

The largest city is three times the population of the next-largest city.

The largest city is four times the population of the next-largest city.

The largest city is five times the population of the next-largest city.

What is a common impact of urbanization regardless of a country’s level of economic development?

Urbanization creates a labor force with a diversity of job skills and compensation levels.

Urbanization means a loss of agricultural production due to the loss of farmland and farmworkers.

Urbanization leads to a more egalitarian society as the difference between urban and rural lifestyles is reduced.

Urbanization creates a larger cultural and economic gap between urban and rural areas.

Urbanization creates socially and economically diverse cities that have little social conflict.

Which of the following best explains the strength of the diagram shown as a theoretical model in human geography?

The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Spanish cities.

The model presents a general theory that is applicable to metropolitan areas that were first settled in the era of postcolonial independence.

The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Portuguese cities.

The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas with service-based urban economies.

The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas with technology-based urban economies.

Which of the following best describes the data presented in the image?

series of geographic information systems layers

coordinates for a satellite navigation system

Remote sending satellite image of land use

cartogram of quantitative spatial information

Table 1 shows that the United States and New York City have similar median household income values. Compare the data in Table 1 to the data in Table 2. Based on this comparison, which of the following statements is most accurate?

A comparison of data from one scale to a different set of scales can result in a flawed analysis.

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the United States

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of New York State.

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the New York City metropolitan area.

Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the City of New York.

Which of the following best describes the difference in urban transportation issues faced by cities in different parts of the world?

The relatively low population density of North American cities encourages automobile use, sprawl, and traffic congestion.

Extreme traffic congestion during rush hour is a largely North American issue due to high levels of automobile ownership.

High rates of ridership on public transit in western Europe and Japan reflect lower income levels compared to the United States.

Most less developed countries continue to avoid urban transportation issues, but government planners fear development will bring transportation problems.

Many cities around the world are successfully fighting traffic congestion by building more limited-access expressways.

Which of the following statements explains the characteristics of cities in a postindustrial economy?

The postindustrial city has a large share of offices housing technology and information services.

The postindustrial city has new structures since the buildings of the industrial city cannot be reused

The postindustrial city has very few companies in the manufacturing sector.

The postindustrial city is a high-density, compact city to facilitate information and technology businesses.

The postindustrial city has few low-skill or general service jobs because of the demands of technology industries.

Which of the following describes a feature of the original central business district (CBD) found in most cities?

Land values are the highest of any zone in the metropolitan area.

Manufacturing space is located in the middle of the original CBD.

Residential space is generally not permitted in the original CBD

Retail space is generally not permitted in the original CBD.

Land values are the lowest of any zone in the metropolitan area.

Which of the following is a likely outcome of gerrymandering?

Splitting areas of majority group voters across a number of legislative representatives' districts

Packing areas of minority group voters into a single legislative representative’s district

Disrupting electronic polling machines or the data networks run by elections officials

Placing a legislative representative’s districts in a row pattern while drawing a new electoral map

Supporting political party candidates with campaign funds intended to be used in particular geographic areas

In 2017 the Ivory Coast exported $5.6 billion worth of cocoa beans and cocoa-derived products, such as cocoa butter. This represented 55 percent of the country’s exports and was worth four times the country’s combined gold and oil exports in that year. Which of the following best explains the international trade economy of the Ivory Coast?

High level of dependency on a single agricultural commodity that increases national economic risks during times of global economic crisis

High level of dependency on a single agricultural commodity that increases national economic development and increases foreign direct investment

Low level of dependency on primary-sector production and resource processing that will increase the country’s level of development

Low level of dependency on a single agricultural commodity that decreases national economic risks during times of global economic crisis

Low level of dependency on a single agricultural commodity that increases national economic development and increases foreign direct investment

With the exception of Hawaii, the map shows the pattern of production for coffee beans by country. Which of the following explains the limitations of the map shown for identifying the agricultural production regions of coffee beans?

The map is thematic, identifying countries by type, instead of a choropleth map that classifies countries by the amount produced.

The map does not identify whether the country is a major exporter of coffee beans or whether the country consumes much of what it grows.

The map uses the descriptors “major” and “minor” and should instead use the amount of coffee beans produced per capita of the country’s total population.

The map mainly identifies all land within a country, as opposed to the foothills and upland areas where coffee beans are grown.

The map shows only coffee produced for the formal economy and does not account for informal or illegal production of coffee beans.

With the exception of Hawaii, the map shows the pattern of production for coffee beans by country. If the map was reproduced at the subnational state or provincial scale, as Hawaii is on the map, what changes in pattern would be expected in other parts of the world?

The states in northern Mexico and northern India would not show any production.

The inland provinces of African countries would not show any production.

Southeast Asian islands would not show any production.

The Amazon Basin and Congo Basin would show concentrated areas of production.

Provinces in southern China would show concentrated areas of production.

Which of the following agricultural inputs were the most recent technological innovations employed in less developed countries during the Green Revolution?

chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Metal plows and harvesting equipment

Which of the following describes the process of creolization?

The mix of Native American, African, and European influences to create new cultural forms

The representations of Spanish, Portuguese, and French linguistic culture on the landscape of Latin America

The layering of the European cultural landscape over the Native American landscape

The exchange of crops and animals between the Old World and the New World

The adoption of Native American toponyms for place-names of European settlements

Cultural differences within a country’s population, such as different religions, languages, and ethnicities, have political impacts and can best be described as

centrifugal forces within a state

centripetal forces within a state

the effects of diffusion on the state

globalizing forces within a state

Hinduism and Buddhism have their origins in South Asia. Much of Hinduism’s population is concentrated in South Asia, whereas much of Buddhism’s population has diffused to other parts of Asia. Which of the following best explains this difference in the cultural diffusion of Hinduism and Buddhism?

Hinduism is an ethnic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a universalizing religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

Hinduism is a polytheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a monotheistic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

Hinduism is a monotheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a polytheistic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

Hinduism is a polytheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is an ethnic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

Hinduism is a universalizing religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is an ethnic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

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Authored by Lena [STUDENT]

Geography

9th - 12th Grade

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following terms best describes the spatial effects of the internet on the global diffusion of culture?

Time-space convergence

complementarity

cultural divergence

push factors

pull factors

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following describes the perspective of environmental determinism?

A twentieth-century idea that human cultures are imprinted on the landscape in different forms of land use and architecture

A contemporary ecological view that human activity is affecting the global environment toward a negative outcome

A former scientific viewpoint stating that factors within the physical geography of a region shape the local population’s culture and behaviors

A theory that humans hold the ability to modify Earth’s physical geography to meet the resource needs of a society

A belief system based on an ideology that humans have dominion over Earth and its natural resources

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In the contemporary pattern of migration to cities in more developed countries, migrants are more likely to settle in

Suburban areas

the central city

brownfield sites

squatter settlements

areas of gentrification

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

As Buddhism diffused through East Asia, Buddhist traditions blended with local cultural customs to create distinct religious practices, such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan. Which of the following terms best describes this blending of cultural traditions?

Assimilation

Acculturation

Possibilism

multiculturalism

syncretism

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Debt-for-nature swaps are financial transactions in which a portion of a developing country’s foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures. Which of the following explains the significance of debt-for-nature programs?

The programs utilize a dependency theory-based approach to improve local economic development.

The programs provide a sustainable-development approach to reducing uneven levels of development between countries.

The programs combat the economic decline of deindustrialization and improve service and technology development.

The programs provide improvements in environmental health and sanitation that reduce mortality and epidemic disease rates

The programs invest in environmental education that informs youth populations about preserving economic resources for future use.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

As a less developed country’s economy evolves, the size of the primary sector, the size of the secondary sector, and the size of the tertiary sectors fluctuate. Which of the following statements best describes the highest level of job-opportunity change as countries shift from the periphery to the semiperiphery level of development?

Primary sector employment increases as the country’s domestic demand for food and energy increases.

Primary sector employment increases as the country’s economy becomes increasingly export oriented.

Tertiary sector employment grows more quickly than any other sector because of foreign direct investment

Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases.

Secondary and tertiary sector employment declines as factories and offices are increasingly automated.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In the model shown, the lines for birth rate, death rate, and total population are indicators of a country’s

cycles of economic boom and bust over time

level of social and economic development over time

demographic change following a period of warfare

demographic change following a period of famine

demographic change following a period of totalitarian government

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practice quiz aphid

Which of the following terms best describes the spatial effects of the internet on the global diffusion of culture?

Which of the following describes the perspective of environmental determinism?

In the contemporary pattern of migration to cities in more developed countries, migrants are more likely to settle in

As Buddhism diffused through East Asia, Buddhist traditions blended with local cultural customs to create distinct religious practices, such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan. Which of the following terms best describes this blending of cultural traditions?

Debt-for-nature swaps are financial transactions in which a portion of a developing country’s foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures. Which of the following explains the significance of debt-for-nature programs?

In the model shown, the lines for birth rate, death rate, and total population are indicators of a country’s

The demographic transition is a general model that seeks to explain

Which of the following statements best describes how the epidemiologic transition affects the demographic transition?

Which of the following is a limitation of the map of Hispanic population percentage?

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Discover more resources for Geography

Debt-for-nature swaps are financial transactions in which a portion of a developing country’s foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures. Which of the following explains the significance of debt-for-nature programs?