CONSCIOUSNESS REVIEW

The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.

• hypothalamus

• pituitary gland

• hippocampus

• thalamus

Answer explanation

Correct! The hypothalamus controls hunger, thirst, and other bodily functions, including the biological clock.

__________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.

• Conscious

• Circadian

• Infradian

• Ultradian

Answer explanation

Correct! Every 24 hours your body undergoes a circadian cycle of changes.

Do we need more or less sleep as we age?

• More

• Less

• The same amount

• All of these answers

Answer explanation

That's correct! The data clearly shows that we need a lot of sleep when we are young, but we require less sleep as we age.

________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.

• Jet Lag

• Rotating-Shift Work

• Sleep Debt

• Circadian Rhythm

Answer explanation

Correct! Sleep debt is a lack of sleep due to the cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep.

Growth Hormone is secreted by the __________ while we sleep.

• Pineal Gland

• Thyroid

• Pituitary Gland

• Pancreas

Answer explanation

Correct! The pituitary gland acts directly on bone and muscle tissue to produce growth.

The _______ play a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.

• hypothalamus & thalamus

• thalamus & pons

• brain stem

• pons & hypothalamus

Answer explanation

Correct! Together the hypothalamus and the thalamus play a role in controlling slow-wave sleep. The thalamus plays a role in level of awareness and regulating arousal while the hypothalamus, located below the thalamus, coordinates circadian rhythm.

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.

• LH

• FSH

• Growth

• Melatonin

Answer explanation

Correct! Melatonin is a hormone released by the pineal gland in response to daily cycles of light and dark.

______ is described as slow-wave sleep.

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• REM Sleep

• Stage 1

Answer explanation

Correct! Stage 3 is referred to slow wave sleep after the delta waves that characterize them.

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.

• REM

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

Answer explanation

Correct. In stage 2 EEG waveforms occur called sleep spindles and K-complexes. K-complexes are the largest event in the healthy human EEG.