Chapter 8 Test

Why were tensions heightened among countries in Europe after 1900?

• Socialists had seized power.

• Some nations refused to trade with each other.

• Nations began mobilizing for war.

• People were joining the Black Hand.

Serbia angered Austria-Hungary when it

• developed imperialist ambitions.

• tried to form an independent state.

• mobilized troops along Austria's border.

• promised to support Germany's interests.

Which nations were the first to get involved in the initial conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

• Germany and Russia

• France and Belgium

• United States and Britain

• Italy and Bulgaria

Initially, the war effort on the Western Front was characterized by

• slow but steady advancement of the German army on the ground.

• trench warfare that kept both sides in the same positions for four years.

• decisive victories by the French army and swift retreat of German forces.

• innovative strategies that used new technologies available to both armies.

As the war progressed, both the Allied Powers and the Central Powers sought new allies in order to

• get more money and supplies.

• expand their colonial empires.

• open new avenues for commerce.

• pave the way for peace negotiations.

Civil war broke out in Russia after World War I because

• foreign troops remained on Russian soil.

• the Bolsheviks did not fulfill their promises.

• many people opposed the Bolshevik government.

• Lenin acquired too much territory in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference were complicated by

• Russia's refusal to attend the talks.

• territorial disputes among the Big Three.

• Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

• Germany's refusal to pay for the war.

Germany was especially opposed to Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles because it

• forced Germany to reduce the size of its army and navy.

• returned the territories of Alsace and Lorraine to France.

• awarded sections of eastern Germany to the new Polish state.

• held Germany (and Austria) responsible for the war and required reparations.

A major cause of the Bolshevik Revolution was

• Rasputin's influence at the royal court.

• Russia's withdrawal from World War I.

• inflammatory rhetoric from Communist leaders.

• Czar Nicholas's failed military and economic policies.

One legacy of World War I was the

• breakup of the Ottoman Empire.

• rejection of strong central governments.

• expansion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

• elimination of ethnic minorities in eastern Europe.