Which of these clues about the African past describes an artifact?

• a palm forest

• a farming tool

• a family legend

• a traditional dance

Few large settlements developed in the Sahara because it was too:

• dry

• hilly

• large

• rocky

Compared to the West African savanna, the Sahel has:

• better soil

• taller grass

• more cattle

• less rainfall

What is the main reason why people in different vegetation zones traded with each other?

• Large empires ruled over different zones

• Different resources were found in each zone

• The Niger River passed through different zones

• The zones were home to different cultural groups

How did the Niger River encourage trade?

• It was a source of food

• It was a transportation route

• Its annual floods provided rich soil

• It provided water for baking

What did extended-family groups do for defense against dangerous floods or enemies?

• They dug ditches around their communities

• They lived in isolated areas far from danger

• They joined other communities to form villages

• They offered gifts to the leaders of hostile bands

Which technology did the Nok people adopt as early as 500 B.C.E.?

• the wheel

• the aqueduct

• ironworking

• paper making

From the discovery of Jenne-jeno, what did historians learn about the history of West Africa?

• It was a vast area with four zones

• It became organized into kingdoms

• It depended on several kinds of crops

• It existed for more than 1,600 years

Which of these was an advantage of becoming part of an empire?

• paying tribute to the king

• trading with the governor

• having to serve in the army

• getting protection from raiders

Which product of West Africa was most important in the trade across the Sahara?

• oil

• gold

• timber

• clothing