AP Psych Review: PERSONALITY

Which personality theory traces personality characteristics to unconscious influences?

• Psychoanalytic

• Trait

• Cognitive

• Psychosexual

• Reciprocal determinism

Psychoanalysts would be most likely to use which of the following terms in their work?

• extroversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism

• reliability, validity, factor analysis

• MMPI, MBTI, IQ

• Id, unconscious, ego, defense mechanisms

• Learned helplessness, reciprocal determinism, collectivism

Which part of the unconscious mind did Freud think was most responsible for our most basic impulses, such as greed or sex?

• id

• Oedipal

• Ego

• Psychosexual

• Superego

Which part of the unconscious mind did Freud think was most responsible for "moral thinking," referred to as conscience?

• Id

• Postconventional

• Ego

• Formal operational

• Superego

Which part of the unconscious mind did Freud think was most responsible for negotiating compromises between our animalistic impulses and our "higher self" that wants to act morally?

• id

• working memory

• ego

• medulla

• superego

What is the most important difference between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy?

• Psychotherapy is performed by psychiatrists. Psychoanalysis is performed by any trained clinical psychologist.

• Psychotherapists often use a variety of therapeutic approaches. Psychoanalysts primarily use the psychodynamic perspective.

• Psychoanalysis is usually more effective for anxiety & mood disorders. Psychotherapy is more effective for dissociative and schizophrenic disorders.

• Psychoanalysis is the overall category. Psychotherapy is a specific kind of psychoanalysis.

• Therapy that involves psychoactive medication is called psychotherapy. Therapy that does not involve medication is called psychoanalysis.

What is the primary difference between projective and trait theory personality tests?

• Projective tests tend to be more reliable and valid than trait theory personality tests.

• Projective tests are developed based on research of different categories of personality types. Trait theory tests are empirically derived.

• Both types of test try to measure personality. Trait theory tests are based on qualitative analysis, and projective tests use quantitative analysis.

• Projective tests try to reveal unconscious influences. Trait theory tests try to measure specific personality characteristics.

• Trait tests rely on self-report measures. Projectives tests do not.

A personality test asks respondents to look at a series of ambiguous visual images and explain what the image reminds the respondent of or what the respondent sees. What personality test is probably being administered?

• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

• Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

• Big five trait theory test

• Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

What would a researcher conclude about a personality test that returns different results each time a specific person takes the test?

• The test is not reliable and not valid.

• The test is not reliable but may be valid.

• The test is not valid but may be reliable.

• The test is not reliable, and more evidence is needed to determine validity.

• The test is not valid, and more evidence is needed to determine reliability.

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between reliability and validity?

• Validity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for reliability.

• Reliability is subjective, but validity is objective and empirically measurable.

• A personality test must be reliable in order to be considered valid.

• The theoretical basis for a test establishes its validity, while the results may establish reliability.

• In order to be considered reliable, a test must be valid.