W Hist. Chapter 5- The Greek City-States

Direct Democracy

• 1. Small size-30 to 500 square miles 2. Small population-Fewer than 10,000 people 3. Setting on a hill-Acropolis: hill or mountain together with temples & other public buildings 4. Public meeting place-Agora: marketplace
• all citizens participate directly in making decisions of government
• Long poems describing heroes and events
• Slaves of the Spartan city-state who outnumbered the Spartans and were systematically terrorized

Homer

• Composer of the Iliad and the Odyssey
• Athens vs Sparta who were long-standing rivals & opposites in many ways. Sparta began the fighting when they invaded Attica. The war lasts for a generation on and off & ends in 404 BC when Athens surrenders to Sparta
• Warlike people who were organized into clans & tribes, Farmers & sailors who dominated Greek mainland from 1600 BC to 1200BC & built fortified cities in South
• 1. an explanation for such mysteries of the physical world as thunder, lightning, & the change of the seasons 2. an explanation of the passions that could make people lose the self-control that the Greeks considered so important 3. a way for gaining such benefits as long life, good fortune, & abundant harvests

Rhetoric

• Volcanic eruption caused giant tidal waves that crushed Crete
• Examined newborn babies: Weak, unhealthy, or deformed -> left to die, Age of seven: Boys sent to military barracks under harsh conditions Age of 20: Began military service & could marry Age 30: could leave the barracks, & Age 60: retirement for military service
• Study of oratory or public speaking and debating
• City-states governed by nobles/originally meant "rule by the best"

Aristocracies

• Taught literature, music, & gymnastics, Grammar and music = developed the mind & emotions Gymnastics = developed the body
• City-states governed by nobles/originally meant "rule by the best"
• invaded the mainland of Greece, but he is defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon.
• is about Odysseus decade long journey back home after the Trojan War

Democracy

• Government in which all citizens take part
• Greek word for city-state
• Had human qualities and personal characteristics/weaknesses and wants much like people & lived on the top of Mount Olympus
• Did not focus on morality

Popular Government

• King of the gods & the most powerful
• Taught literature, music, & gymnastics, Grammar and music = developed the mind & emotions Gymnastics = developed the body
• Greek word for city-state
• People could & should rule themselves rather than be ruled by others

Oracles

• Daughter of Zeus & Goddess of wisdom
• Warlike people who were organized into clans & tribes, Farmers & sailors who dominated Greek mainland from 1600 BC to 1200BC & built fortified cities in South
• Had human qualities and personal characteristics/weaknesses and wants much like people & lived on the top of Mount Olympus
• Priests or priestesses at special sanctuaries whom the Gods spoke through

Myths

• Long poems describing heroes and events
• Make every male citizen part of an efficient military machine designed to control the Helots & extend Spartan power
• Taught literature, music, & gymnastics, Grammar and music = developed the mind & emotions Gymnastics = developed the body
• Traditional stories about the deeds and misdeeds of gods

Epics

• Composer of the Iliad and the Odyssey
• Long poems describing heroes and events
• Poetry, government, ethics, mathematics, rhetoric
• the Spartan king who stood against Xerxes' army of Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae.

Metics

• Study of oratory or public speaking and debating
• all citizens participate directly in making decisions of government
• Non-citizen people who were born outside Athens
• They could only produce grapes, figs, & olives& need other supplies