DKA review

•A deficiency of insulin causes a(n) _____ in glucose utilization by muscle and fat cells and a(n) _____ in glucose production by the liver.

• decrease, decrease

• increase, increase

• decrease, increase

• increase, decrease

The resulting hyperglycemia causes blurred vision and an increase in urination, called______.

• polydipsia

• polyuria

• polyphagia

• Polygon

The loss of fluid, secondary to the increased urination, leads to ____ and a loss of _____ as well.

• electrolytes, dehydration

• dehydration, electrolytes

• hypertension, calcium

• hypokalemia, platelets

Insulin deficiency in DKA also leads to an increase in breakdown of _____ to use for energy since glucose cannot be used. The breakdown of fatty acids results in conversion of fat to _____ bodies by the liver.

• muscles, energy

• protein, lewey

• bicarbonate, protein

• fat, ketone

The body tries to compensate for this acidosis by lowering______ with increased respirations called______.

• Potassium, hypoventilation

• pH, Cheyne-Stokes's

• PaCO2, Kussmaul's

• PaO2, orthopnea

These types of respirations are rapid and _______ and are associated with a(n) _________ odor

• deep, fruity

• shallow, foul

• deep, foul

• shallow, fruity

Which statement would be appropriate to include in a teaching plan for a patient diagnosed with DKA?

• Hold your insulin when you are sick.

• •Minimize your protein intake and maximize your carbohydrate intake.

• Do without fluids whenever mildly hyperglycemic.

• Accurately administer insulin in relation to meals as prescribed.

What is the primary cause of the fruity odor in the breath of a patient with DKA?

• Increased glucose levels

• Electrolyte imbalance

• Presence of ketones

• Dehydration

Which of the following is a common symptom of DKA that results from osmotic diuresis?

• Polyphagia

• Polycythemia

• Polyuria

• Polydipsia

In the context of DKA, what is the effect of insulin deficiency on fat metabolism?

• Increased ketone production

• Decreased energy expenditure

• Decreased fat breakdown

• Increased fat storage