Green Chemistry

What are some examples of actions that government agencies and manufacturing companies have taken to promote the field of green chemistry and implement its practices? Select three.

• They have increased the use of solvents in reactions to eliminate waste and protect the environment.

• They have provided stipends and tax breaks to companies that utilize renewable energy sources through solar panels or wind turbines.

• They have recognized innovative engineering ideas and collaboration in the field of green chemistry, such as the Green Chemistry Challenge Award.

• They have made technological advancements to improve the treatment of by-products.

• They have reduced the use of feedstocks and catalysts in reactions, in order to promote sustainable production processes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-1

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

What can be assumed about a chemical manufacturing company that has sponsored festivals to teach citizens how to maintain private compost bins and use organic matter as fertilizer on local farms? Select two.

• The company is trying to find ways to use more derivatives.

• The company is trying to find ways to use more protecting groups.

• The company is trying to improve the environmental impact of its Triple Bottom Line.

• The company is trying to improve the economic impact of its Triple Bottom Line.

• The company is trying to improve the social impact of its Triple Bottom Line.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

The chemical industry should take into account the efficiency of a chemical process and its corresponding impact on the environment. Reactions that _____ the atom economy help conserve resources and _____ the environmental impact associated with mining.

• minimize, eliminate

• maximize, minimize

• eliminate, maximize

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

Which of the following examples indicate solutions to reducing the impact of human activity on the environment? Select two.

• Replace chemical reactions that have high atom economies with reactions that have low atom economies.

• Produce hydrogen by using electricity instead of burning fossil fuels.

• Replace feedstocks with biological sources instead of minerals.

• Replace a multi-step catalytic process with a multi-step synthetic process.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

A batch reactor is used in the production of lime from limestone. The chemical reaction reaches equilibrium based on the following equation:

CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g)

What modification to the batch reactor would be most advantageous to the manufacturer if the targeted product is lime (CaO)?

• Modify the reactor so that CO2 can be continuously fed into the reactor.

• Modify the reactor so that CaCO3 can be continuously fed into the reactor.

• Modify the reactor so that CO₂ can be continuously removed from the reactor.

• Modify the reactor so that CaCO3 can be continuously removed from the reactor.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-6

Which company best demonstrates increased economic activity and reduced environmental impact according to the principles of the Triple Bottom Line?

• Company 1, because generating derivatives reduces the impact on the environment and increased profit is an example of an increase in economic activity.

• Company 2, because increasing the use of catalysts reduces the impact on the environment and increasing donations towards schools shows increased economic activity.

• Company 3, because decreasing the generation of derivatives reduces the impact on the environment and enhanced fair labor practices increase economic activity.

• Company 4, because decreasing the use of auxiliary substances reduces the impact on the environment and an increase in trade is an example of an increase in economic activity.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-2

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

In the chemical industry, the process where new chemical products are discovered and optimized is known as _______. The process starts with the introduction of ________, which are the industrial materials necessary to run the operation. Once the product is formed, it must be isolated from the mixture. A ________ consists of material formed in the chemical reaction that is not the targeted product. The industry must adhere to using _________ in order to reduce the impact they can cause to the environment and reduce costs related to pollution.

• tertiary production; excess reagents; solvent; catalysts

• research and development; feedstocks; by-product; renewable resources

• primary production; catalysts; reagent; feedstocks

• secondary production; products; catalyst; fossil fuels

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

The high demand for products leads to high waste generation from the chemical industries. How can industries keep up with the demand, while also making processes generate less waste? Select two.

• using higher temperatures inside the reactor

• using catalysts to obtain a higher yield of products

• treating wastes so they do not pollute the environment

• recycling remnant feedstocks back into the reactor batch

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-PS1-6

MethaneSAT is a satellite mission designed to detect methane emission globally and with high precision. How can this technological innovation help reduce the negative impact of gas contamination?

MethaneSAT will help countries to spot problems and identify opportunities to reduce ______. Petroleum and oil companies produce ______ such as gasoline. However, these industries generate about 75 million metric tons of methane gas emissions. The satellite mission will help collect _______ to understand the waste generated by these companies and inform governments so they can take action.

• gas emissions; products; emissions data

• solid wastes; by-products; renewable resource data

• gas emissions; by-products; solvent samples

• wastes; products; feedstock samples

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

NGSS.HS-ESS3-6

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

The first step of the LeBlanc process consists of treating sodium chloride with sulfuric acid. The product obtained is sodium sulfate, and the by-product is  hydrogen chloride. Assume the process uses the molar mass of the feedstocks to run the reaction.

2NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2HCl

The production chief wants to reduce the E-factor of the current reaction. What can be done to obtain a better result?

• increase the amount of NaCl to produce less HCl

• increase the production of Na2SO4 by increasing the amount of H2SO4

• define limiting reagents to reduce the amount of HCl generated in the reaction

• define the excess reagent to reduce the amount of Na2SO4 generated in the reaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-PS1-7