LSO - Virus, Bacteria, Classification - sol review 2025

What do all viruses need to reproduce?

• They need host genetic material

• They need a host cell

• They need bacteria

• They need insulin

Answer explanation

All viruses need a host cell to reproduce because they cannot replicate on their own. They hijack the cellular machinery of the host to make copies of themselves, making 'They need a host cell' the correct answer.

Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant (in hiding) while the host cell reproduces?

• lytic

• mitosis

• lysogenic

• S phase

Answer explanation

The lysogenic cycle allows viral genetic material to integrate into the host's DNA and remain dormant while the host cell reproduces. In contrast, the lytic cycle actively destroys the host cell.

What happens in the lytic cyle?

• Virus goes in and leaves the host cell unharmed

• Virus takes over host machinery, quickly killing host cell

• Virus sleeps inside of the host cell

• Virus stay dormant for a long time

Answer explanation

In the lytic cycle, the virus hijacks the host cell's machinery to replicate itself, leading to the rapid destruction of the host cell as it releases new viral particles. This explains why the correct choice is that the virus kills the host cell.

The 2 major parts of a virus are the....

Be sure to select 2 answers.

• cell wall

• genetic material (DNA or RNA)

• cytoplasm

• capsid (protein coat)

Answer explanation

The two major parts of a virus are its genetic material (DNA or RNA), which carries the virus's information, and the capsid (protein coat), which protects the genetic material and helps the virus enter host cells.

Which is NOT a way to prevent the spread of a virus?

• use of vaccine

• covering mouth after a cough of sneeze

• giving antibiotics

• proper hand washing

Answer explanation

Giving antibiotics is not effective against viruses, as they target bacteria. Vaccines, proper hand washing, and covering mouth after coughing or sneezing are all effective methods to prevent virus spread.

Which kingdom contains members who are prokaryotic (NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles)?

• Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

• Archaebacteria and Protista

• Eubacteria and Animalia

• Eubacteria  and Fungi

Answer explanation

The correct answer is Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, as both kingdoms consist of prokaryotic organisms, which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Protista, Animalia, and Fungi contain eukaryotic organisms.

The 8 levels of classification, most broad to most specific.

• Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species

• Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order

• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

• Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus

Answer explanation

The correct order of classification from broadest to most specific is Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. This sequence accurately reflects the hierarchical structure of biological classification.

What do protists, plants, fungi, and animals ALWAYS have in common? They are all...

• Multicellular

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

• Consumers

Answer explanation

Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are all eukaryotic, meaning their cells contain a nucleus and organelles. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic organisms, which lack these features.

Which of the following is the least closely related animal:

Gray Wolf: Canis lupus

Aardwolf: Proteles cristatus

Coyote: Canis latrans

• Coyote

• Aardwolf

• Gray Wolf

• Need more information on body characteristics

Answer explanation

The Aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) is less closely related to the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) and Coyote (Canis latrans) as it belongs to a different genus, while the other two are in the same genus, Canis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

A dichotomous key for trees is provided. Hikers found a tree that has large brown cones and single sharp needles. What species of tree have the hikers found?

• Juniper

• Pine

• Spruce

• Fir

Answer explanation

The hikers found a tree with large brown cones and single sharp needles, which indicates it is a spruce. Junipers have berries, pines have clusters of needles, and firs have soft needles, making spruce the correct choice.