Mrs. Brandon's Final Exam 2023

Mitosis is the process through which a cell replicates its DNA and produces two identical daughter cells. If a cell undergoing mitosis is currently in prophase (see diagram) which of the following phases immediately follows?

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Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell's _______

• lysosomes

• plastids

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

In order for nerve cells and muscle cells to function properly, they require a high concentration of potassium ions inside the cells and a high concentration of sodium ions outside the cells.

To maintain this condition, cells utilize sodium-potassium pumps embedded within their cellular membranes to move the ions against their concentration gradients.

Since the sodium-potassium pump requires an input of energy to operate, they are an example of ______.

• facilitated diffusion

• passive transport

• active transport

• filtration

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the coding of the amino acids used in the synthesis of cellular proteins?

• transfer RNA

• ribosomes

• DNA

• Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?

I. DNA is a nucleic acid, whereas RNA is a protein.

II. DNA stores genetic information, whereas RNA is directly involved in protein production.

III. Both DNA and RNA always contain the nitrogenous base thymine.

IV. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains the sugar ribose.

• I, II, and IV

• II and IV only

• I, II, III, and IV

• III only

Each node on a cladogram represents

• the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor

• the point at which one or more species became extinct

• the most recent point at which on trait was lost in a certain clade.

• the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic

Which cell organelle stores water and other materials?

• lysosome

• mitochondria

• Golgi complex

• vacuole

Which of the following best describes the way that genes, chromosomes, and DNA are related?

• Genes contain several chromosomes, which are made up of sequences of DNA

• Sequences of DNA contain several genes, which are made up of chromosomes

• Genes contain several sequences of DNA, which are made up of chromosomes

• Chromosomes contain several genes, which are made up of sequences of DNA

Which of these names the cellular process that begins with the breakdown of organic compounds (such as glucose) and continues with turning the resulting pyruvic acid into a waste product and two molecules of ATP?

• photosynthesis

• cellular respiration

• fermentation

• chemosynthesis

This image shows and animal cell, what is the function of the cellular organelle labeled with the letter W?

• packages and distributes proteins and lipids

• digests cellular wastes

• contains the cellular DNA

• provides the cell with energy