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“It refers to the use of and its software, as well as other information and communication technologies (e.g. network-based tools and digital devices) for lesson preparation, lesson delivery, and evaluation in teaching four language skills, that is reading, listening, speaking, and writing and components pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary.”

• CALL Integration

• CALL Teacher Training

• Computer Anxiety

• “Computer Assisted Language Learning”

“Professional preparation of language teachers to train them how to integrate learning technologies into teaching practice, develop techno-pedagogical competencies, and evolve with changing tools, methods and learners.”

• CALL Teacher Training

• CALL Integration

• Computer Anxiety

• Computer Literacy

This can be defined as an approach to language teaching and learning in which ICT is used as a help and support to presentation, practice, reinforcement and assessment of language materials to be learned.

• Individual Differences

• “Computer Assisted Language Learning”

• Computer Attitude

• CALL Teacher Training

This is often associated with linking traditional classroom teaching to online learning that usually means the learning over the Internet or Intranet. It is a kind of computer assisted learning, and plays great attention on the integration of traditional classroom instruction with computer assisted learning.

• Blended Learning

• Cooperative Learning

• Cognitivism

• Asynchronous Learning

Computer Anxiety is a...

• “negative feeling of towards computer technology in which the computer users experience discomfort, stress, or fear in front of computer or using it.”

• “positive feeling of towards computer technology in which the computer users experience discomfort, stress, or fear in front of computer or using it.”

• “negative feeling of towards book technology in which the computer users experience discomfort, stress, or fear in front of computer or using it.”

• “negative feeling of towards computer technology in which the computer users experience comfort, stress, happiness or fear in front of computer or using it.”

According to this theory, learning is not passive receiving and storage of information, but the active process to construct knowledge. Learning is doing, and doing is learning. The learner actively constructs and understands knowledge through the interaction between the learner subject and the knowledge object, but not passively receives knowledge as receives a concrete tool.

• Constructivism

• Cognitivism

• Behaviorism

• Connectivism

“Refers to educational setings that apply advanced technologies such as computer and the internet in the process of teaching and learning.”

• Distance Education

• Individual Difference

• Technology-Mediated Learning

• Technology-Based Education

“It refers to delivery of instruction from distance by means of information communication technology (ICT) tools. This is an umbrella term for e-Learning, online learning, Virtual Learning Environments (VLE), web-based learning, and Internet-based learning.”

• Computer-Mediated Communication

• Distance Education

• Individual Difference

• Technology-Based Education

This refers to those characteristics that distinguish individuals and make them different from each other. ID is also known as psychological variable, personality, or characteristic with different classifications.

• Distance Education

• Technology-Mediated Learning

• Individual Difference

• Cooperative Learning

This refers to the application of a variety of technologies for language learning including computer, internet, online reference materials, online exercises and quizzes, as well as tutorials. In such environment, the students and teacher do not meet each other in a classroom and students access the subject courses from the website in a distance-learning program.

• Computer-Assisted Language Learning

• E-learning

• Multimodal Language Learning

• Bring your own devices