Hydrosphere Review

Without oceans, the temperatures of Earth would vary widely from temperatures that currently exist. Which characteristic of the ocean MOST likely helps to maintain the temperatures of Earth?

• depth of the ocean

• density of ocean water

• evaporation of ocean water

• high humidity near the ocean

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What is groundwater?

• Water found in underground lakes, rivers, and streams

• Water found in the spaces between rocks, gravel, and sand

• Water that is isolated from surface water and moves in its own cycle.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Which statement BEST explains the role of evaporation in ocean currents?

• Evaporation adds salt to surface waters, forcing the water to sink.

• Evaporation leads to the movement of air masses, causing surface currents.

• Evaporation removes heat energy from surface waters, increasing the water density.

• Evaporation increases the air pressure above surface waters, causing horizontal currents

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

This diagram models how toxic runoff can pollute a stream and also....

• produce acid rain.

• cause soil erosion.

• create algae blooms.

• pollute groundwater.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Based on the image, which process of the water cycle has most likely slowed down or stopped completely.

• surface runoff

• groundwater discharge

• evaporation

• infiltration

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Which of these has the greatest capacity for storing thermal energy from the Sun?

• air

• land

• ocean

• plants

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which best explains why population growth can result in water shortages and rationing in certain areas?

• Aquifers recharge slowly.

• Lake water is reserved for recreation.

• Increasing biomass decreases evaporation rates.

• Tall buildings impede the development of rain clouds.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which result is most likely to occur after excessive withdrawal of groundwater in coastal areas?

• increased reliance on irrigation because of drier soil conditions

• dilution of brackish water in estuarine ecosystems

• reduced efficiency of local desalination facilities

• intrusion of salt water into the water table

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-3

Which would be the MOST sustainable way to increase the supply of potable water as the United States population grows?

• Dig more deep wells to access fossil water.

• Build more reservoir dams along rivers.

• Increase the use of greywater for landscaping.

• Increase the use of salt water for cooling power plants

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which is the best way to conserve worldwide freshwater resources?

• build more roads and highways for cars and trucks

• increase the amount of land used to raise cattle

• develop more modern coal-powered plants

• use more efficient irrigation techniques

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4