basic functions of the human immune system

Why are viruses classified as non-living things? (choose 3)

• viruses can't grow and develop on their own

• viruses can't obtain or use energy

• viruses must infect a host cell in order to replicate

• viruses are able to change over time / evolve

Which 2 things do all viruses contain?

• Genetic material (DNA or RNA)

• Capsid

• Envelope

This is used to prevent infections

• Vaccines

• Antibiotics

• Antimicrobials

• Antifungals

What is it called when a large part of a population is immune to a specific disease, through vaccination or having antibodies from exposure to the pathogen, reducing the ability for the pathogen to spread?

• active antibody sharing

• protection factor

• population immunity

• herd immunity

Which label is the parietal lobe?

• A

• B

• C

• D

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complementary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by codons of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed (ACG is now ACA). Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype (physical characteristics) of the organism. 

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for .

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA genotype will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA genotype changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

A college student from another country transfers to an American college. He has a cough that he doesn't realize is caused by tuberculosis.  He is treated with antibiotics, but they are ineffective because he has a strain of the bacterium that is antibiotic resistant. Which of the following is a good scientific reason to be concerned about public safety?

 

• If the disease spreads, the hospital could run short of antibiotics while trying to treat the disease.

• The patient is more likely to spread the disease because the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.

• The hospital will not be able to treat the disease if it spreads because the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.

• An outbreak is more likely to happen because the antibiotic resistant form of the disease will enable other strains of tuberculosis to spread more easily.

Regular exercise helps remove buildup of plaque on artery walls by increasing blood flow through arteries. Which of the following describes a long term effect of regular exercise on the cardiovascular system?

 

• Decreased blood pressure due to reduced resistance.

• High blood volume caused by the widening of the artery.

• Increased blood pressure due to prolonged high blood flow.

• Increased risk for diseases caused by reduced blood pressure.

Are viruses cells?

• Yes

• No

• Sometimes

• Maybe

This is used to treat bacterial infections.

• Vaccines

• Antibiotics

• Antimicrobials

• Antifungals