English

Complementary macroeconomic policy objectives:

• Moderate inflation and GDP growth

• Supporting competition and limiting the power of monopolies in the market

• Lower unemployment and GDP growth

• Increasing taxes and cutting social benefits

• Stimulating business activity through both government spending and increasing income taxes

Small business benefits include:

• lower initial capital requirement

• lower investment requirement

• significant selection of specialists

• dependence on big companies

Expansion of output without increasing costs per unit of output is possible:

• with an increase in labor productivity

• using more advanced technology

  with resource saving

• with an increase in the number of workers

• using more advanced technology

• with resource saving

Consumer price index:

• called the Laisperes index

• calculated on the basis of the prices of goods included in the consumer basket

• called the deflator

• called the Paasche index

• calculated to change the set of goods

The basis of monetary policy is the theory of the money multiplier, which shows that:

• NB can control the monetary base

• NB controls the rate of inflation

• NB cannot control the rate of inflation

• NB attracts household deposits

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Speculative motive for demand for money:

• due to the desire to have a reserve in order to use it to purchase securities

• is directly related to the level of interest rates

• due to the desire to create a reserve in case of unforeseen expenses

• due to the need to pay daily travel to work

Speculative motive for demand for money:

• due to the desire to have a reserve in order to use it to purchase securities

• is directly related to the level of interest rates

• due to the desire to create a reserve in case of unforeseen expenses

• depends on the need to purchase groceries daily

Credit expansion involves:

• reduction in the required reserve ratio

• reduction of the refinancing rate

• purchase by the Central Bank of government securities

• government sale of government securities

• reserve rate increase

Sources of autonomous investments:

• exogenous events

• technological progress

• mineral reserves

• property income

• corporate profits

Autonomous costs of aggregate demand:

• net export

• government spending

• autonomous consumption and autonomous investment

• depreciation deductions

• actual investment