Unit 12 (CH 13) Evolution of Populations

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

• MIcroevolution
• disruptive selection
• Temporal Isolation
• Species

evolution on a large scale that results in the formation of a new species

• Macroevolution
• Temporal Isolation
• disruptive selection
• Mutation

Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population

• Gene Flow
• disruptive selection
• directional selection
• MIcroevolution

A change in a gene or chromosome that results in a new phenotype

• Mutation
• Species
• Temporal Isolation
• behavioral isolation

random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations

• Genetic Drift
• Species
• Speciation
• MIcroevolution

the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

• Genetic Drift Founder Effect
• Geographic Isolation
• Genetic Drift: Bottleneck Effect
• directional selection

A rapid decrease in population size due to a disturbance or natural disaster that changes allele frequency

• Genetic Drift: Bottleneck Effect
• stabilizing selection
• Speciation
• Natural Selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

• Natural Selection
• Temporal Isolation
• behavioral isolation
• Mutation

The selection of traits that aren't necessarily good for survival fitness, but without them, you can't pass on your genes at all because you can't reproduce

• non-random mating (sexual selection)
• Reproductive Isolation
• Temporal Isolation
• Geographic Isolation

occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

• directional selection
• Temporal Isolation
• behavioral isolation
• Geographic Isolation