Immune System Regents Review

Rejection of a newly transplanted organ is caused by

• the immune system reacting to the presence of the organ

• antibiotics that stimulate the immune system to attack the organ

• inheritance of genetic disorders from infected individuals

• development of cancerous cells in the organ

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

• When activity in an individual increases, the body temperature rises and the individual sweats.

• As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the human body, the lungs begin to expel more carbon dioxide.

• A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

• After an individual gets a cut, certain chemical changes begin the healing process.

Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of

• using antibodies to cure a medical problem

• the body’s immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance

• the body creating a mutation to fight unknown pathogens

• a vaccine causing the body to produce antigens against the infection

Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

• antibodies

• antibiotics

• white blood cells

• weakened pathogens

What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?

• An allergy

• Cell-mediated immunity

• An autoimmune disease

• Inflammatory response

An immune response that occurs in the human body is shown above. This activity helps to do which of the following?

• Produce antibiotics to control disease

• Provide protection against a specific pathogen

• Provide protection against all types of pathogens

• Eliminate harmful gene alterations

After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?

• The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.

• The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.

• The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.

• The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

What is the body's first line (non-specific) of defense against infection by foreign organisms?

• antibodies

• lymph nodes

• white blood cells

• the skin

Which of the following is not a response of human white blood cells to a pathogen?

• Carrying oxygen

• Identifying pathogens for destruction

• Producing antibodies

• Engulfing and destroying bacteria

Which pathogen can be cured by antibiotics?

• Virus
• Bacteria
• Protist
• Fungi